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Music GCSE 2023 > 1- Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D major - Bach > Flashcards

1- Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D major - Bach Flashcards

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1
Q

Brandenburg Context

A

Johann Sebastian Bach
Baroque Period (1600- 1750)
Chamber Music
Patronage
Concerto Grosso
Secular - non religious
Affection mood

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2
Q

Chamber music

A

Music for a small group of musicians

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3
Q

Patronage

A

Composers were commissioned - Bach (composition commission of six concertos)

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4
Q

Secular

A

Non - religious music

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5
Q

Baroque period

A

1600 - 1750

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6
Q

When was Brandenburg written?

A

1721

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7
Q

Melody in Brandenburg

A

Music mostly Conjunct (bar 2)
Stepwise movement
Leaps throughout (fourths in bar 1)
Scalic runs (harpsichord part)
Rising sequences (bar 137)
Occasional ornaments (trills bar 19) (appoggiaturas bar 148)

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8
Q

Conjunct Definition

A

Where a melody moves by steps and not by leaps.

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9
Q

Sequence Definition

A

The repetition of a musical phrase at a higher or lower pitch than the original.

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10
Q

Appoggiaturas Definition

A

A grace note which delays the next next note of the melody, taking half or more of its written time value.

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11
Q

Trill defintion

A

Quickly moving between the written note and the tone above.

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12
Q

Scalic Defintion

A

Pitches in a stepwise order.

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13
Q

Ornamentation Definition

A

Elaborating or decorating musical material.

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14
Q

Articulation in Brandenburg

A

…

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15
Q

only set work that isn’t….

A

….Syncopated

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16
Q

Dynamics in Brandenburg

A

Harpsichord prevents variation in dynamics
No dynamic markings (mostly for balance reasons)

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17
Q

Terraced Dynamics

A

Sudden changing dynamics - used in Baroque music.

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18
Q

Texture in Brandenburg

A

Contrapuntal (polyphonic)
Fugal style (uses lots of imitation)
Two-part imitation
Harpsichord plays two-part counterpoint
Flute and violin plays in thirds and harpsichord
In ripieno flute and violin doubles each other in unison (e.g. Bar 33)
Tonic pedal on B in bass line in new middle section theme

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19
Q

Unison Definition

A

More that one part playing the same melody at the same pitch.

20
Q

Fragments Defintion

A

A small segment of a piece of music.

21
Q

Contrapuntal/ Polyphonic

A

Two or more simultaneous and independence melody lines.

22
Q

Homophonic

A

A texture comprising a melody part and an accompaniment.

23
Q

Structure in Brandenburg

A

Ternary form (ABA)
Intro motif used in other sections (clever use by Bach)
A - D major, being fugal style, brief section in the dominant key (A major)
B- middle section begins bar 79, in relative minor (B Minor) with new theme in flute, second theme returns in bar 148 in dominant in the ripieno, fragments of theme A, end with perfect cadence B minor
A- repeat of A, beings with extra D major chord in the continuo to establish return of the tonic key.

24
Q

Fugue definition

A

a contrapuntal composition in which a short phrase is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts.

25
Q

Stretto definition

A

Entires of the subject occurring closer together than before, heightening the tension of the music.

26
Q

Countersubject definition

A

The melody played after the subject or answer has been sounded.

27
Q

Harmony Brandenburg

A

Uses standard chords ( 1, 5, 4)
Dominant sevenths
harmony is functional
mainly root position
Diatonic
mainly first inversions
perfect cadences
Suspension (bar 130)

28
Q

Diatonic defintion

A

Notes belonging to the key of the piece.

29
Q

Instruments Brandenburg

A

Cello
double bass
harpsichord - figured bass
Concerto grosso
Concertino
Ripieno
Basso continuo
Harpsichord parts very virtuosic
Baroque flute different from modern flute

30
Q

Figured bass Definition

A

a shorthand system of numbers under the bass notes

31
Q

How did Bach break the traditions of a Concerto?

A

Extended Virtuoso solo part for harpischord - Scalia runs as well

The harpsichord only occasionally play continuo chords (bar 29 - 37)

The ripieno only has one violin part

The concertino consist of flute, violin, harpsichord

Concerto grosso

32
Q

Ripieno Definition

A

String orchestra

33
Q

Concertino defintion

A

group of solo instruments

34
Q

Concerto Grosso Definition

A

A concerto for a large number of instrumental parts, typically 3 soloists and an orchestra.

35
Q

Continuo definition

A

The bass line in Baroque orchestral, chamber and choral works.

36
Q

Figured bass Definition

A

A type of musical shorthand for a keyboard player. The figures indicate the chord to be played able the bass note.

37
Q

Rhythm, tempo, metre Brandenburg

A

The metre is 2/4, duple time
triplets and dotted rhythm
trills (bar 19)
Baroque era the dotted quaver - semiquaver grouping e.g. bar 1 would be performed in triplet rhythm.
semiquaver runs in harpsichord. ( bar 45)

38
Q

Tonality Brandenburg

A

D major
Key used for most of A section
B section modulated to the dominant (a major) and relative minor (B minor)
music is diatonic

39
Q

Vituosic Defintion

A

Difficult and impressive

40
Q

Diatonic Defintion

A

All the notes/ chords come from the key signature.

41
Q

Gigue defintion

A

A fast Baroque dance or piece that suggests a dance.

42
Q

Pedal note defintion

A

A chord where the tonic is in the bass

43
Q

Dotten rhythm definition

A

A longer note followed by a shorter value

44
Q

Suspension definition

A

Prolonging a note to create a dissonance with the next chord.

45
Q

Antiphonal definition

A

Swapping between different musical groups

Music GCSE 2023 (10 decks)

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