1 - microbiology of ENT infections Flashcards
which herpes virus is more common for oral and which for genital?
HSV 1 = oral infection
HSV 2 = genital infection
what is presentation of HSV 1?
school age kids, fever, oral mucosa & ulcers
- rest (aciclovir treatment maybe)
what is reactivated herpes simplex virus?
cold sore = triggered by stress etc
what is herpangina?
ulcers on soft palate caused by coxsackie virus (contagious)
what is hand, foot & mouth disease virus caused by?
coxsackie virus (family outbreaks)
what are apthous ulcers?
non-viral, self limiting, round or ovoid, confined to mouth
what are common causes of pharyngitis?
influenza or strep (also could be glandular fever)
what is main bug causing group A strep infection?
strep pyogenes - has gram +ve cocci chains & complete beta haemolysis
what is typical presentation of glandular fever?
= glandular fever, young adults, fever, lymph nodes, sore throat, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, lethargy
→can see exudate everywhere in throat
- caused by epstein barr virus
what is acute otitis media?
= upper resp infection extending to eustachian tube, earache
what is infection of middle ear?
= bacterial secondary infection, pus if eardrum perforates
- commonly haemophilus influenza, strep pneumonia, strep pyogenes
what is otitis externa?
= inflammation outer ear canal
- red, itchy, swelling
- can be bacterial or fungal
what is malignant otitis?
disproportionate pain - facial nerve palsy, pain & headache
what form of antibiotics given for middle & external ear infection?
middle ear = oral (no point topical)
external = topical (no point oral)
what is otomycosis?
fungal ear infection
what treats influenza A & B?
oseltamivir
are majority of ENT infections viral or bacterial? what does this mean for antibiotics
most are viral - this means most don’t need antibiotics
