1: Lifestyle, Health + Risk (3)

Question 1

1.8 Be able to analyse and interpret quantitative data on illness and mortality rates to determine health risks, + 1.11 (analysing data on energy budgets and diet)

Answer 1

Describe: Overall trend - increase, decrease, plateaus, fluctuates
Describe each section using numbers from the axes
Comparisons - Higher, steeper, twice, half
Calculation - percentage change (diff/ original x100)

Question 2

correlation

Answer 2

statistical relationship between x and y
Why does it have that correlation (own knowledge, scientific explanation)
What effect does changing the independent variable have on the dependent variable

Question 3

Causation

Answer 3

X is the cause of Y. Correlation =/= causation

Question 4

Evaluating study design

Answer 4

Diverse sample and/ or large sample, is sample representative?
Control variables, how many controls? Are there more variables that influence results?
pros/ cons
Eliminating bias => random samples
Valid = reliable
Describe: Overall trend - increase, decrease, plateaus, fluctuates
Describe each section using numbers from the axes
Comparisons - Higher, steeper, twice, half
Calculation - percentage change (diff/ original x100)

Question 5

Under/Overestimating risk

Answer 5

Why does it have that correlation (own knowledge, scientific explanation)
What effect does changing the independent variable have on the dependent variable

Question 6

energy budgets

Answer 6

calories input/ output

Question 7

Weight gain

Answer 7

More calories in (eating) than output (calories burnt through things like exercise)

Question 8

weight loss

Answer 8

More calories out (output/ burning in exercise) than in (eating)

Question 9

Obesity

Answer 9

Prolonged weight gain over a long period of time

Question 10

Underweightness

Answer 10

Prolonged weight loss over a long period of time

Question 11

Be able discuss the potential ethical issues regarding the use of invertebrates in research.

Answer 11

> they can’t give consent and they may be subjected to painful procedures
they’re considered to be simpler organisms than vertebrates.
they have a much less sophisticated nervous system which could mean that they feel less pain.
its unethical to cause distress or suffering to any living organism - by subjecting them to extreme temperatures or depriving them of food

Answer 12

There is a correlation between high levels of saturated fats and high blood cholesterol as saturated fats are one of the components of low density lipoproteins.
The link between cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases is causal - cholesterol is involved in plaque formation