(1) Lesson 2: Planning for Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
The process of assessing an organization’s goals and creating a realistic, detailed plan of action for meeting those goals
Clinical laboratory management planning
Defining the organization’s goals
Planning
Establishing an overall strategy
Planning
Developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work
Planning
A predetermined course of action intended to facilitate the accomplishment of a task
Plan
Three major process workflows
- pre-examination or preanalytical
- examination or analytical and post-examination
- post-analytical stages
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Patient prep
Pre-examination
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Sample collection
Pre-examination
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Personnel competency test and evaluation
Pre-examination
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Sample receipt and accessioning
Pre-examination
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Sample transport
Pre-examination
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Quality control testing
Examination
Identify the phase in the workflow:
Record keeping and reporting
Post-analytical stages
Requires the organization to plan, identify, and monitor
ISO 9001:2015
Identify the importance of planning:
Involves setting objectives and stating the ways to achieve them
Planning focuses attention on objectives
Identify the importance of planning:
Creates direction for employees to know when and what to do
Planning focuses attention on objectives
Identify the importance of planning:
Feasibility studies
Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty
Identify the importance of planning:
Prepared to face with unpleasant surprise because they have included advanced solution
Planning reduces risks for uncertainty
Identify the importance of planning:
Enables people to know who to coordinate with
Planning helps in cordination
Minimizing the cost because of the emphasis on the efficient operation
Economical operation
Identify the importance of planning:
Emphasis on efficient operation and consistency towards the attainment of the objectives and goals of the firm
Planning gains economical operation
Identify the importance of planning:
Best way to utilize resources
Planning gains economical operation
Identify the importance of planning:
Allocates responsibilities to different personnel and jobs
Planning facilitates control
Identify the importance of planning:
Establishes standards for comparison
Planning facilitates control
Identify the importance of planning:
Estimates the time and cost of the operations through the forecasting and budgeting process
Planning facilitates control
Determine the expected expenses for a given fiscal year or time
Budgeting
Identify the importance of planning:
To attain as efficient as possible the present tasks while responding to the changing needs of the business environment
Planning helps executive development
The entire set of operations that occur in testing of patient samples
The path of workflow
The path of workflow begins with ___ and ends with ___
Patient
Reporting and results interpretation
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Planning the structure and management of the laboratory that implements the quality policies ensures quality performance
Organization
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Diligently planning the most important laboratory resource, ensures competent and motivated teams in implementing quality management systems
Personnel
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Planning the acquisition and validation of equipment by carefully and properly choosing, and ensuring maintained systems through preventive maintenance programs helps an effective path of workflow
Equipment
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Planning reagents and supplies management in the laboratory can produce cost savings ensures supplies and reagent availability
Purchasing and inventory
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Ensures quality control for testing, appropriate management of the sample, collection and handling, and method verification and validation
Process controls
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Planning the production of the main output of the clinical laboratory ensures accuracy, confidentiality, and accessibility of the information which are managed through either paper systems or computers
Information management
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Planning the creation and storage of documents needed in the laboratory that informs how to do things ensures that documents are accurate, up to date, and accessible
Documents and records
An error or event that should not have happened
Occurence
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Planning for detecting and managing detect these problems or occurrences, handling them properly, learning from mistakes and acting so that they do not happen again
Occurrence management
A tool for examining laboratory performance and comparing it to standards, benchmarks, or the performance of other laboratories
Assessment
T/F: assessment may only be internal, not external
F (can be both)
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Primary goal and must be done in a systematic manner to ensure alignment, effectiveness, and efficiency
Process improvement
Identify the critical area of clinical laboratory:
Ensures that the laboratory understand and assess who their customers are and use feedback for making improvements to align with external changes
Customer services
Identify the facility planning process:
Preventing unwanted risks and hazards from entering the laboratory space
Security
Identify the facility planning process:
Seeks to minimize risks and prevent hazards from leaving the laboratory space and causing harm to the community
Containment
Identify the facility planning process:
Includes policies and procedures to prevent harm to workers, visitors, and the community
Safety
Identify the facility planning process:
Addresses facility and equipment adaptation to allow safe and healthy working conditions at the laboratory site
Ergonomics
Illustrate in your mind what can possibly happen
Imagination
Anticipating what can possibly happen
Foresight
The basis on what you should do
Imagination and foresight
Considers and weighs the risks and benefits of our decision before throwing the judgement call or decision
Good judgment
Anticipative capability of the manager or planner
Ability to evaluate laboratory opportunities
Prone to high competition
Hazards
T/F: Opportunity should be higher than the hazard
T
Efficient + Effective = ___
Proficient
Values derived from planning for clinical laboratory management
- achievement of the objectives
- use of efficient methods and develop standards
- integration of activities of the different units
- reduction of emergency and unexpected problems
Indicators of poor planning is according to ___
William J. McLarney
T/F: some machines doing jobs that can be done by smaller machines is an indicator of poor planning
T
Indicators of underworked employees
Competing with limited samples
Being idle during work hours
Indicators of overworked employees
Overtime
Late lunch to meet TAT
A result of inefficient planning of the human resources
Skilled workers doing unskilled work
A process in which the managers & employees jointly set goals for the employees to make action plans, periodically evaluate performance, and reward according to the results
Management by objectives (MBO)
MBO was first outlined by ___ in ___
Peter Drucker
1954
A management model that aims to improve performance of an organization by clearly defining objectives that are agreed to by both management and employees
MBO
T/F: the process of MBO is linear
F (circular)
Enumerate the process of MBO
- Defining organizational goals
- Define employees objectives
- Continuous monitoring performance and progress
- Performance evaluation
- Performance feedback
- Performance appraisal
MBO encourages ___ and ___
Discussion and interaction
MBO produces ___ and ___
Truly committed managers
Involved employees in the decision-making process
__ of more than 1000 academic studies proved that MBO yield positive results
90%
MBO highlights ___
Needs for improvement
T/F: MBO can assess if an organization is on the right track
T
Represents the organization levels and units in the laboratory in which you want to plan
Hierarchy of plans
Combination of characteristic values based on the characteristics of one information structure
Hierarchy of plans
Provides a framework in consistent and level by level planning
Hierarchy of plans
Enumerate the hierarchy of plans
Purpose or mission
Objectives
Strategies
Policies
Rules and procedures
Programs and projects
Budgets
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
Organization’s purpose and philosophy
Mission
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
Ultimate goals towards which the activities of the organization are directed
Objectives
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
General statement or understanding which guide or channel thinking in decision making
Policies
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
States a series of related steps or tasks to be performed in a sequential way
Procedures
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
Prescribes a course of action and explicitly states what is to be done
Rules
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
A comprehensive plan that includes future uses of different resources
Programs
Identify the component of hierarchy of plans:
Statement of expected results expressed in numerical terms
Budgets
Identify the type of plan:
Highest type of plan
Strategic
Identify the type of plan:
Identification of mission and objectives
Strategic
Identify the type of plan:
Most efficient pursuit
Strategic
Identify the type of plan:
Long-term goals (next 5 years)
Strategic
Identify the type of plan:
Top managers with final authority and responsibility
Strategic
Identify the type of plan:
Implies action and deals with methods
Tactical
Identify the type of plan:
Short-range strategy implementation (6 months - 2 years)
Tactical
Identify the type of plan:
Operational or technical skill
Tactical
Identify the type of plan:
Middle managers (supervisory staff)
Tactical
Identify the type of plan:
Detailed plan used to provide a clear picture
Operational
Identify the type of plan:
Team, section, department
Operational
Identify the type of plan:
Very short-term (1 week to 1 year)
Operational
First-line managers
Operational
T/F: patient and patient samples should have the same pathway
F
T/F: the design of a laboratory should have different circulation paths between the public and biological materials
T
T/F: patients are restricted starting from the reception area
T
Identify the circulation pathway:
Reception area and sample collection room
Sample collection area
Identify the circulation pathway:
Separated from other sections of the lab, but nearby the testing areas
Sample processing areas
Normally located near the entrance being used by phlebotomists or other staff bringing specimens to the lab
Bay area
Identify the circulation pathway:
Involve communication system
Post-examination pathway
Sections of the laboratory that can be removed from the central area
Greater TAT or less volume (ClinMicro or radio assay laboratories)
Blood banks and critical laboratory procedures should be near ___ or have ___
Elevator
Pneumatic tubing system
T/F: the traffic flow of the blood bank should be separated from the main reception
T
T/F: medical staffs can have the same entry point as patients
F
pneumatic tube system specimens may not include ___ like from patients where a specimen is hard to collect
CSF, bone marrow, and other delicate specimens
