1 - Legrow - Childhood

Question 1

Toddlerhood Developmental Stages (1-3)

Freud

Erikson

Piaget

Answer 1

Freud - Anal

Erikson - Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Piaget - Sensorimotor/Preoperational

Question 2

Toddlerhood: Major Developmental Changes

Answer 2

Language

Toilet training

Sense of self

Motor skills

Don’t understand negative consequences of their actions

Question 3

Language:

Phonology

Semantics

Grammar

Answer 3

Phonology: Structure and sequence of speech sounds

Semantics: Meaning of words/combinations

Grammar: Order, Syntax

Question 4

Pragmatics

Answer 4

Rules for appropriate and effective communication

• Turn taking, eye contact, needs of listener

Autism Spectrum disorder identifier

Question 5

When do babies begin to understand words?

Answer 5

Middle of first year

Question 6

When does the language explosion occur?

How many exposures does it take to learn?

What is a toddler’s total vocab?

Answer 6

Between 18 and 24 months

One exposure

50 word vocabulary

Question 7

How many words does a normal two year old know?

What type of speech do they use?

Answer 7

Several hundred

Two word, telegraphic speech

“More Milk”

• Short messages

Question 8

Cognitive Development: 12-18 Months

Answer 8

Explore objects in novel ways

Early problems solving

Search for hidden objects

Make believe play

Deferred imitation

Question 9

Cognitive Development: 24-36 months

Answer 9

Beginning of perspective taking

Egocentric:

Not understanding perspective of someone not there, e.g. on phone

Magical beliefs

Question 10

Motor Development:

12-24

24-26

Answer 10

12-24:

Walking

Scribbling

UP stairs

24-36:

Toilet Training

Pushes riding toys

Question 11

Motor Development:

3-5

Answer 11

Alternate feet up stairs, throws and catches with trap, pedals/steers tricyle

Question 12

Motor Development

4-6

Answer 12

Alternating feet down stairs

smooth running

Throws/catches fluidly

Rides bike tricycle smooth

Question 13

Language Development

Preschool (3-6)

Answer 13

Improved pronounciation

Make up words (Bird-Horse)

Conversational strategies

Question 14

Cognitive Development

18-24 months

Answer 14

Make-believe play

2-category sorting

Question 15

Cognitive Development

3-6 years

Answer 15

Understand make-believe play is representative

Reality based

complex schema combinations

Gender specific play, role playing (Fireman, Cop)

Question 16

Social Development

0 - 1 years

Answer 16

Stable temperment

Crying = first communication, precursor to empathy

Imitate facial expresions

Question 17

Social - Emotional Development

1-3 years

Answer 17

Self Conscious Emotions: Guilt, jealousy, envy

Empathy

Understand others have feelings

Vocab of feeling words

Question 18

Social Emotional Devlopment

3-6 years

Answer 18

Self-appraisal

Regulate emotions, fake emotions

Cause / Effect

Peers important

Question 19

3-6 Years

Freud

Erikson

Piaget* (2-7)

Answer 19

Freud: Phallic - gender identity, same sex parent identification

Erikson: Initiative vs Guilt - make belive = role playing, ambition/responsibility

Piaget (2-7): Preoperation: Symbols, language, animism/egocentrisim

Question 20

6-11 (School Age)

Freud

Erikson

Piaget

Answer 20

Freud: Latency Stage - social value, same-sex relationships

Erikson: Industry vs Inferiority - Work, evaluation of performance, peer relations/cooperation

Piaget: Concrete Operational - Logical reasoning, conservation, classify/organize

Question 21

When is conservation understood?

Answer 21

7-11

Question 22

Physical Development

6-11

Answer 22

Increased running, throttling

Handwriting

Question 23

Language

6-11

Answer 23

10,000 words

Multiple meanings

Idioms

Irony, sarcasm, metalinguistic

Question 24

Cognitive

6-11

Answer 24

Conservation

Reversibility, multiple categories, seriation

Spatial reasoning, cognitive maps

Organized

multi-step directions

Increased attention

Question 25

Social development

6-11

Answer 25

Aware of mixed emotions

Same gender peer groups

Social comparisons

Self concept

Question 26

Self Esteem:

6-7

7-11

Answer 26

6-7

Academic, Social, physical competence

Personal appearance

7-11

Close friendships, early romantic appear, culture/child rearing impact