1 L1 Cell Regulation and Signaling Flashcards
3 key components of plasma membrane
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Proteins
3 key functions of plasma membrane
Protection, Transport, Communication
2 groups of membrane proteins
Integral and Peripheral
Describe integral proteins
Anchored to membrane- some part way and others span entire membrane (transmembrane)
Describe Peripheral proteins
On outside or inside of membranes. May be attached to integral proteins or phospholipids
Main functions of microtubules
Resist compression
Maintain cell shape
Motility- flagellum, cilia and organelle motility
Main functions of microfilaments
Resist tension
Form cortical network beneath plasma membrane
Movement- actin and myosin interactions
Main functions of Intermediate filaments
Forms more permanent structures (strong)
Anchors organelles
Important in cell adhesion
e.g. cytokeratin, lamina, neurofilaments
What does the mitochondria consume and produce
Consumes glucose and oxygen to make ATP CO2 and H2O
What are the two forms that DNA is stored in the nucleus in
Heterochromatin and Euchromatin
What does the nucleolus produce
rRNA and ribosomal subunits
True or False- The nucleus is continuous with the ER
True
What organelles does the endomembrane system include
ER, Golgi apparatus and vesicles
What does the endomembrane system do
Modifies, Packages and moves proteins and lipids
Features and Functions of sER
Lacks surface ribosomes
Stores calcium ions
Synthesises lipids
Metabolises carbohydrates
Detoxification processes
Features and Functions of rER
Ribosomes on outer surface
Role in protein synthesis-
Proteins enter lumen of rER, Proteins are modified, folded & packaged into vesicles, Transported to Golgi
Features and Functions of Golgi Apparatus
Series of membrane sacs and
vesicles
Vesicles from ER arrive at cis
face, leave from trans face
Proteins modified, glycosylated,
sorted into vesicles
2 main types of vesicles
Transport and Secretory
Describe transport vesicles
Move contents within cell
Describe secretory vesicles
Move contents out of cell (exocytosis)
How most signalling molecules
are released
5 steps of cell signalling
- Synthesis of signal molecule
- Release of signal molecule
- Transport of signal molecule to target
- Detection of signal molecule by target cell- Reception
- Response by target cell
