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GASTRO > 1: Introduction to the GI System > Flashcards

1: Introduction to the GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the peritoneal cavity lie?

A

Between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

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2
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain? (2 things)

A

NO ORGANS Peritoneal Fluid

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3
Q

What absorbs the peritoneal fluid

A

Lymphatic vessels on the interior surface of the diaphragm

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4
Q

What’s the difference between the male and female peritoneal cavity?

A

Males: cavity completely closed Females: Cavity open to exterior of body through uterine tubes, cavity and vagina

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5
Q

Why are females more prone to infection? (to do with peritoneal cavity)

A

Because peritoneal cavity open to exterior of the body

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6
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Internal surface of abdominal wall

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7
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum line? (2 things)

A

Stomach Intestines

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8
Q

What do both layers of the peritoneum consist of?

A

Mesothelium - layer of simple squamous epithelial cells

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9
Q

What is between the parietal peritoneum and the muscular layer of the abdominal wall?

A

Extraperitoneal tissue

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10
Q

What allows for the considerable change in size of the bladder and rectum?

A

The extraperitoneal tissue only being attached to the parietal peritoneum LOOSELY

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11
Q

Where is the extraperitoneal tissue most dense and most firmly adherent?

A

Behind the linea alba on inf surface of diaphragm (basically centrally right underneath diaphragm)

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12
Q

Is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to pressure / pain / heat / cold and laceration? And why / why not?

A

Yes - pain well localised Because served by the SAME blood, lymphatic, and somatic nerve supply as region of wall it lines

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13
Q

Why does the appendicitis pain shift from dull middle pain to sharp over the appendix?

A

The appendicitis has got worse and touched the parietal peritoneum inflaming it, localising the pain

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14
Q

Is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to pressure / pain / heat / cold and laceration? And why / why not?

A

No - pain poorly localised Because served by the SAME blood, lymphatic, and somatic nerve supply as organs it covers

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15
Q

Where is pain in the visceral peritoneum referred to?

A

Dermatomes of spinal ganglia

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16
Q

What is a mesentry and why does it occur?

A

Double layer of peritoneum Occurs as a result of invagination of peritoneum by an organ

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17
Q

What does a mesentry consist of?

A

Continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

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18
Q

What does a mesentry connect intraperitoneal organs to?

A

Body wall (usually posterior abdominal wall)

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19
Q

What is the greater omentum and where is it?

A

4 layered peritoneal fold Hangs down like apron from greater curve of stomach Then folds back up to ant surface of transverse colon and its mesentry

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20
Q

What does the lesser omentum connect the stomach to?

A

Portal triad (Part of a hepatic lobule containing: hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile ducts)

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21
Q

What is the lesser omentum and what does it

A

2 layered peritoneal fold Connects lesser curve of stomach and proximal part of duodenum to –> liver

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22
Q

What is a peritoneal ligament?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ / abdominal wall

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23
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the liver and what do they connect it to? (3 ligaments)

A
  1. Falciform - ant abdominal wall 2. Hepatogastric - stomach 3. Hepatoduodenal - duodenum
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24
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments of the stomach and what do they connect it to? (4 ligaments)

A
  1. Hepatogastric - liver 2. Gastrophrenic - inf surface of diaphragm 3. Gastrosplenic - spleen 4. Gastrocolic - transverse colon
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25
Q

What is the top right section of the abdomen called?

A

Right hypo-chondriac region

26
Q

What is the top middle section of the abdomen called?

A

Epigastric region

27
Q

What is the top left section of the abdomen called?

A

Left hypo-chondriac region

28
Q

What is the middle middle section of the abdomen called?

A

Umbilical region

29
Q

What is the middle right section of the abdomen called?

A

Right lumbar region

30
Q

What is the middle left section of the abdomen called?

A

Left lumbar region

31
Q

What is the bottom right section of the abdomen called?

A

Right iliac region

32
Q

What is the bottom middle section of the abdomen called?

A

Hypogastric region

33
Q

What is the bottom left section of the abdomen called?

A

Left iliac region

34
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

Mesentry of the transverse colon

35
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon divide?

A

The abdominal cavity into: 1. Supracolic Compartment (above it) 2. Infracolic Compartment (below it)

36
Q

What does the supracolic compartment contain? (3 things)

A

Stomach Liver Spleen

37
Q

What does the infracolic compartment contain? (3 things)

A

Small intestine Ascending colon Descending colon

38
Q

Where is anterior to the infracolic compartment?

A

Greater omentum

39
Q

What divides the infracolic compartment into left and right infracolic spaces?

A

Mesentry of small intestine

40
Q

What are on the lateral sides of the ascending and descending colons?

A

Paracolic Gutters

41
Q

What do the paracolic gutters allow?

A

Free communication between surpracolic and infracolic compartments

42
Q

What is the greater sac made up of?

A

Supracolic and infracolic compartments

43
Q

Where is the lesser sac?

A

Post to stomach and lesser omentum

44
Q

What is the superior recess of the lesser sac?

A

Where it cuts off at the top, at the diaphragm and coronary ligament of liver

45
Q

What is the inferior recess of the lesser sac?

A

Where it cuts off at the bottom, at the sup parts of the layers of the greater omentum

46
Q

How do the greater and lesser sac communicate?

A

Through omental foramen

47
Q

What is the right subphrenic space?

A

Space between diaphragm of right lobe of liver Common site of fluid collection after right sided abd inflamm.

48
Q

What is the right subphrenic space bounded by?

A

Bounded on left by falciform ligament Bounded post by upper layer of coronary ligament

49
Q

What is the left subphrenic space?

A

Space between the diaphragm and left lobe of liver Bigger than right bc liver is on right Even bigger if spleen removed

50
Q

What is the left subphrenic space bounded by?

A

Bounded to right by falciform ligament Bounded post by ant layer of left triangular ligament

51
Q

What is the recto-uterine pouch? (Pouch of Douglas)

A

Where peritoneum passes from rectum down to post vaginal fornix, then back up to uterine cervix and body

52
Q

What is the vesico-uterine pouch?

A

Where the peritoneum passes down from the uterine fundus and then up towards the bladder

53
Q

What is the recto-vesical pouch?

A

In males, where the peritoneum passes from rectum down to the seminal vesicles then up to the bladder

54
Q

What is the mesentry of the small intestine?

A

Fan shaped fold connecting jejunum and ileum to post abdominal wall

55
Q

What is the root of the mesentry and where is it?

A

The parietal border of the mesentry attached to the small intestine 15cm from duedojejunal flexture on left side of L2, diagonally to ileocaecal junction (small and large intestine junction)

56
Q

What does the root of the mesentry cross? (6 things)

A

2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum Abd aorta IVC R ureter R psoas major muscle R gonadal artery

57
Q

What is the sigmoid mesocolon?

A

Peritoneal fold attaching sigmoid colon to pelvic wall

58
Q

What shape is the sigmoid colon?

A

Inverted V, with apex at division of L common iliac artery

59
Q

Where do the limbs of the sigmoid colon pass?

A

L limb descends medial to L psoas major muscle R limb passes into pelvis to end in midline at level of S3

60
Q

What vessels run in between the layers of the sigmoid mesocolon?

A

Sigmoid and sup rectal vessels L ureter descends into pelvis behind SM apex

GASTRO (10 decks)

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