1 Intro to the human brain Flashcards
Differentiate between grey and white matter.
Grey: nerve cell bodies.
White: nerve axons.
What are the four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere?
Frontal.
Parietal (top).
Temporal lobe (bottom).
Occipital (back).
What are the three parts of the brainstem in descending order?
Midbrain.
Pons.
Medulla.
What is the diencephalon composed of?
Thalamus.
Hypothalamus.
What are the three swellings that form in the neural tube?
Prosencephalon (forebrain).
Mesencephalon (midbrain).
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain).
What does the prosencephalon divide into?
Telencephalon (hemispheres).
Diencephalon.
What are the three layers of meninges and their characteristics?
Dura: tough, fibrous, loose, forms faux cerebri + tentorium cerebellum
Arachnoid: soft, translucent.
Subarachnoid space holds CSF.
Pia: microscopic, tightly adhered to brain
What are the two dura layers? Where are they not fused?
Periosteal + meningeal.
Dural venous sinuses and infoldings.
What are the vertebral arteries a branch of?
How do they enter brain?
Subclavian arteries.
Foramen magnum.
What are the three pairs of cerebellar and cerebral arteries?
Cerebellar: post inf, ant inf, superior.
Cerebral: posterior, middle, anterior
What is the blood supply to the brainstem?
Basilar and vertebral.
What is the blood supply to the middle of the brain?
Superior: anterior cerebral artery.
Inferior: posterior cerebral artery.
Which vessels does the posterior communicating artery link?
Internal carotid and posterior cerebral artery.
What does the rhombencephalon divide into?
Mesencephalon (pons + cerebellum).
Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata).
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Controls the autonomic nervous system.
