1 - Intro to Stroke Syndromes Flashcards
What is a stroke?
What is the technical term?
Generic term for brain damage caused by vascular disruptions (loss of blood supply or bleeding).
A more technical term is cerebral vascular accident (CVA).
What are the stroke warning signs?
5
- Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg.
- Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.
- Sudden trouble walking, dizziness or loss of balance or coordination.
- Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
- Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
What does FAST stand for?
- Facial drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech difficulties
- Time
How many people every year have a stroke in the United States?
795,000 people
How many people every year have a new stroke in the United States?
610,000 people
How many of yearly strokes are with people who have already had a stroke? (2)
185,000 people
Nearly one in four
Ischemic strokes make up what percent of total strokes?
87%
What are ischemic strokes?
When blood flow to the brain is blocked
How many Americans die yearly because of strokes? (2)
130,000 people
1 out of every 19 deaths
On average, one American dies from stroke every ______ ___________.
four minutes
What is the leading cause of serious long-term disability?
Stroke
Every ______ seconds someone has a stroke.
forty
How many more women than men have strokes?
55,000
When are men’s incidence rates greater?
Incidence rates are greater at younger ages but not older
What is the male-to-female ratio between the ages of 55-64?
1 to1.25
What is the prevalence of survivors for stroke?
1.5 - 2.0 million survivors (some report 3.0 million)
what are the percentages of people that have a history of stroke (by gender) according to the CDC in 2005?
- 2.7% of men and 2.5% of women greater or equal to the age of 18.
What is the prevalence of strokes according to racial heritage?
(6)
- 2.3% NHW
- 4.0% NHB
- 1.6% Asian Pacific Islander
- 2.6% Hispanic
- 6.0% American Indian/ Alaska Native
- 4.6% multiracial
Every _______ minutes someone dies of stroke
three
Stroke accounts for how many deaths in the U.S.?
1 of every 17 deaths
What rank does stroke have among all causes of death?
third
What eastern states are part of the stroke buckle?
NC, SC, and GA
NC, SC, and GA are part of the ___________ state region of the stroke belt.
8-12
What was the direct and indirect cost of stroke in 2010?
$36.5 billion
What was the estimated direct medical cost of stroke for 2010?
$20.6 billion
What does the direct medical cost include?
This includes hospital outpatient or office-based provider visits, hospital inpatient stays, ED visits, prescribed medicines, and home health care
The total cost of stroke from 2005 -2015 (in 2005 dollars) is projected to be ____________ for non-Hispanic whites, ________ for Hispanics and __________ for non-Hispanic blacks.
- $1.52 trillion
- $313 billion
- $379 billion
The per capita cost of stroke is highest among what race?
Blacks ($25,782)
What is expected to be the highest cost contributors for each race group?
loss of earnings
What are the risk factors for strokes?
13
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart Disease
- Age
- High Cholesterol
- Cancer
- Heredity
- Alcohol Use
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Obesity (BMI)
- Physical Inactivity
- Amphetamines
What does TIA stand for?
Transient Ischemic attack
In regards to a TIA, when do symptoms resolve?
Symptoms resolve within an hour, or maximum 24 hours
What kind of stroke is TIA considered to be?
Mini or brief stroke
How are TIAs managed?
The same as ischemic strokes
What is the approximate percentage of TIA patients that fail to report it?
50%
How many TIA patients die within a year?
25%
What is the risk of a stroke 2 days after TIA?
3.5%
What is the risk of a stroke 30 days after TIA?
8.0%
What is the risk of a stroke 90 days after TIA?
9.2%
Risk of stroke are highly ______________ across studies.
heterogenous
What two racial groups have 2-3X risk for first stroke compared to whites?
- African Americans
- Hispanic Americans
What is the incidence per 100,000 for first stroke for black men?
White men?
Black women?
White women?
Black men = 6.6
White men = 3.6
Black women = 4.8
White women = 2.3
What racial group has a higher stroke recurrence than non-Hispanic white Americans?
Hispanics
