1) Individuals Flashcards
What are the 2 types of motivation?
Extrinsic motivation - the person works only because of salary, bonuses, short-term motivation
Intrinsic motivation - the person is happy to work, long term motivation
What are the 3 types of needs in Alderfer’s theory?
- Existential needs – material security
- Relational needs – person aims at good relations with other people, social acceptance
- Growth needs – self-fulfilment, personal development
What is the frustration-regression hypothesis?
(Alderfer theory) A need on a lower level becomes more significant if higher-level needs are not feasible.
What are the 3 types of needs in McClelland’s theory?
- Performance need – providing good performance in work or personal life
- Power need – Obtain influence and control over people
- Affiliation need – building good relationships
According to Kotter and Kolb’s investigation which type of need/s (McClelland) does the higher management use?
Performance and power need
What are the 3 aspects of Vroom’s theory?
- Expectancy – how effort relates to performance.
- Instrumentality – how performance and reward are related. Is good performance always going to result in a reward?
- Valence – the attractiveness of the reward
According to the enneagram, what are the 3 ways humans perceive the world and their basic emotions?
- Thinking ( the head ) – basic emotion is fear
- The enthusiast, The loyalist, The investigator - Feeling ( the heart ) – basic emotion is shame
- The individualist, The helper, The achiever - Instinctive ( the belly ) – basic emotion is anger
- The reformer, The peacemaker, The challenger
What are the 3 aspects in which people’s attitudes can be affected?
- Cognitive – knowledge, a person refers to various sources to obtain information about a subject
- Affective aspect – Feelings and emotions, attitudes are primarily formed via this aspect
- Behavioural aspect – information and emotion manifest themselves through behaviour.
What are the 3 ways to make a task attractive to employees? (In terms of altering the task)
- Task enrichment – elements of a higher level are added to the task
- Task enlargement – elements of equal level are added to the task
- Task rotation – employees switch tasks with each other.
What are the 5 main EQ qualities? (Emotional intelligence)
- Self-awareness
- Emotional control
- Self-motivation
- Empathy
- Social skills
What are the 4 types of overloading?
- Emotional
- Physical
- Attitude and behaviour overloading
- Existential overloading
Stress can be 2 types what are they?
- Stress as a condition
2. Process-related stress
According to the Michigan model, what are the 2 factors causing stress used in the model?
- Environmental
2. Personality
There are factors that cause stress and are not included in the Michigan model, what are they?
- Problems at work that have been occurring long or regularly
- Problems at work with significant consequences for the individual (not met profit objective)
- Psychologically taxing work that is not easy to change
- Problems at work that radiate to other functioning areas like home
What are the 3 different approaches that are known to prevent stress?
- The organisational approach
- The individual approach
- Handling and managing stress
