1-Human Organization Flashcards
Human anatomy
practical, applied science that provides the foundation for understanding physical performance and body health.
Gross anatomy
It is the study of the structures of a cadaver that can be observed with naked eye. The study of gross anatomy may involve dissection. The aim is to collect data about the larger structures of organs and organ systems

Surface anatomy
deals with surface features of the body that can be observed or palpated (felt firmly).
Surface anatomy is good for
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, surgery, physical therapy, making X rays and electrocardiograms, giving injections, drawing blood, listening to heart and respiratory sounds, measuring the pulse and blood pressure, and finding pressure points to stop arterial
bleeding,
Microscopic anatomy
Deals with the study of structure with the help of a microscope
Radiological anatomy
It involves the study of anatomical structures as they are visualized by X-rays, ultrasound scans or other specialized procedures (CT/MRI scans) performed on living body.
Surgical anatomy
knowledge of gross anatomy is of paramount and of permanent
importance to the surgeon
Developmental anatomy (embryology)
deals with the study of prenatal stages (266/280 days) of development
Anatomical position
- standing erect = straight
- eyes looking straight on front
- Upper limbs are by the sides of the body, palms facing forward
- Lower limbs are together and digits (toes) pointing forward
Anatomical Planes
These are imaginary planes (lines) that
cut through the body when it is in
anatomical position.
Median plane
Some of the front to the back divided the body to two equal parts in the midline
Sagittal parts
divided the body unequal parts
Coronal
Divide anterior and posterior
Horizontal
Important for CT AND MRI
Transverse
Superior (cranial)
Nearer to the head
Inferior (caudal)
Nearer to the feat
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer to the front
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer to the back
Medial
Nearer to the medial plane (midline)
Lateral
Farther from the median line
Intermediate
Between
“ heart is intermediate to the lungs”
Palmar
Palm side of the hand
Plantar
The bottom of the foot
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk/point of origin
“ chest and abdominal cavity “
Distal
Away from the trunk/point of origin
Superficial
Nearer to/on the surface
“Towards the skin”
Deep
Farther from the surface
External
Towards/on the exterior
Internal
Towards/on the interior
Parietal
External wall of a body cavity
Visceral
Pertaining to covering of an organ
Ipsilateral
Same side of the body
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body.
Evagination
Outward bulging of the wall of a cavity.
Invagination
Inward bulging of the wall of a cavity.
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and
nitrogen
Are account for more than 99% of total number of atom in the body
Hydrogen
62%
Oxygen
26%
Carbon
10%
Nitrogen
1.5%
Trace elements
0.5%
Water
67%
Proteins
20%
Lipids
10%
Carbohydrates
3%
Skeletal system
206 bones
Muscular system
It consists of about 650 muscles that aid in movement
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, & rectum
The thoracic cavity is further divided into two pleural cavities by
invagination of lungs on both side and a pericardial cavity in the middle by the heart.
peritoneal cavity by
invagination of some abdominal organs, the abdominal cavity
