1 HUMAN BRAIN Flashcards
Name the three main embryonic divisions of the human brain
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Name the two divisions of the prosencephalon and what their components are
Telencephalon (cerebrum- cortex and basal ganglia)
Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and sub thalamus)
What binds the frontal lobe
The central sulcus and lateral fissure
What binds the parietal lobe
The central sulcus and parietooccipital sulcus and lateral fissure
What binds the occipital lobe
Parietooccipital sulcus, pre occipital notch
What binds the temporal lobe
Preoccipital notch and lateral fissure
Describe the primary visual cortex functional anatomy
Located on either side of the calcarine sulcus in the occipital lobe. Organised visuotopically. Most peripheral vision detected at the medial aspect of cortex, midline vision is at the calcerine sulcus.
Describe the supplementary visual cortex’s
Inferior to primary visual cortex, involved in colour perception, detection of movement etc.
Describe anatomy of primary auditory cortex
Located at the base of the primary somatosensory cortex on the lateral fissure, which it extends into. Also called the Transverse Gyrus of Heschl. Tonotopically organised.
Functional roles of the frontal association cortex
Intelligence, personality, behaviour, mood, cognitive function
Functional roles of the parietal association cortex
Spatial skills, 3D recognition, shapes, faces, written words, concepts, abstract perception
Functional roles of the temporal association cortex
Memory, mood, agression, intelligence
Describe the anatomy and function of Wernike’s area and consequence of a lesion affecting it
Located in the superior temporal gyrus inferior to the primary auditory cortex. Role is in speech recognition. Lesion results in fluent aphasia (speech is normal but doesn’t make sense)
Describe the anatomy and function of Broca’s area and consequence of a lesion affecting it
Located in the inferior frontal gyrus proximal to prefectural gyrus. Role in motor movements for speech. Lesion in Broca’s causes non-fluent aphasia. Can understand words but can’t get them out.
What is the white matter tract that connects Wernike’s and Broca’s
Arcuate fasciculus
Describe the anatomy and function of SMGLA AGLA and consequence of a lesion affecting it
Supra marginal language area and angular gyrus language area, in the inferior parietal lobule. Role in understanding written words and in writing.
Describe the anatomy and function of Exner’s area and consequence of a lesion affecting it
Located in the middle frontal gyrus. Involved in motor for writing.
What is the non-dominant hemisphere associated with
Non-verbal language Emotional expression of language Spatial skills Conceptual understanding Artistic/ musical skills
Lesion in the right hemisphere may result in
Spatial disorientation Inability to recognise familiar objects Loss of musical appreciation Speech lacks emotion Loss of non-verbal language
What are the three main cerebral arteries and where do they branch from
Anterior- internal carotid
Middle- internal carotid
Posterior- posterior communicating and basilar arteries
What is the anastomoses of major vessels called in the brain
The circle of Willis
What are the functional areas supplied by the anterior cerebral artery
Sensorimotor that govern lower extremities, accessory motor areas that govern upper face and the limbic area key for emotional responses.
What are the functional areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery
Sensorimotor areas that govern upper extremities and face. Language areas Broca’s and Wernike’s, and regions key for memory, intelligence and facial recognition.
What are the functional areas supplied by the posterior cerebral artery
All visual cortex’s, as well as some regions key to memory/ intelligence in the temporal lobe.
