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chem > 1. Experimental Chemistry > Flashcards

1. Experimental Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some physical quantities

A
  1. Time is how long takes for something to happen
  2. Temperature how hot or cold something is
  3. Length is the distance between two points
  4. Mass is how much matter is present in a substance
  5. Volume is the amount of space something occupies
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2
Q

Measurement of time

A
  1. Digital stopwatch: 0.01s
  2. Analogue stopwatch: 0.1s
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3
Q

Measure of temperature

A
  1. Alcohol thermometer
  2. Digital laboratory thermometer
  3. Oral digital thermometer
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4
Q

Measurement of length

A
  1. 1m=10dm=100cm=1000mm
  2. Metre rule
  3. Measuring tape
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5
Q

Measurement of mass

A
  1. 1kg=1000g=1 000 000 mg
  2. Beam balance
  3. Electronic balance
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6
Q

Measurement of volume

A
  1. 1m³=1000dm³=1 000 000 cm³
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7
Q

Different type of measure of volume

A

Pipette measure accurate fixed volume
3. Volumetric flask measure accurate fixed volumes that are larger
4. Measuring cylinder measures a range of volumes to the nearest 0.5 cm³
5. Burette measures a range of volumes to the nearest 0.05 cm³

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8
Q

Measuring the volume of a gas

A

Using a gas syringe to measure the volume of gas

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9
Q

Measuring the volume of a gas

A

Using a gas syringe to measure the volume of gas

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10
Q

How are gases collected?

A
  1. Water displacement when the gas is insoluble
  2. Downward delivery where the gas is denser than air
  3. Upward delivery where the gas is less dense than air
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11
Q

Magnetic attraction

A

A magnet can be used to separate magnetic solids from non-magnetic solids

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12
Q

Sieving

A

A sieve can be used to separate solids with different particle sizes

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13
Q

Using suitable solvents

A

A suitable solvent can be used to separate solid-solid mixtures in which only one of the solids is soluble in the solvent

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14
Q

Filtration

A
  1. Filtration can be used to separate insoluble solids from liquids
  2. The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate
  3. The solid that remains on the filter paper is known as the residue
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15
Q

Evaporation to dryness

A
  1. Evaporation to dryness is used to separate a dissolved solid from its solvent by heating the mixture until all the solvent has vaporised
  2. The substance with a lower boiling point will turn into a gas first
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16
Q

Crystallisation

A

Crystallisation is used to obtain a pure solid from its saturated solution(is one in which no more solute can be dissolved)

17
Q

Describe the process of crystallisation

A
  1. Gently heat the solution in an evaporating dish to evaporate most of the liquid till the solution is saturated
  2. Stop heating the solution before the solvent have evaporated
  3. Cool the solution gradually till the crystals appear within the solution
  4. Carefully pour the mixture through a funnel lined with filter paper to collect the solid crystals
  5. The crystals are washed with some cold distilled water to remove impurities
18
Q

Simple distillation

A

Simple distillation is used to separate a pure solvent from a solution

19
Q

Describe the process of simple distillation

A
  1. The solution is heated, boiling chips are added for smooth boiling
  2. At 100°C , the water boils. The vapour rises and enters the condenser through the exit sidearm of the distillation flask
  3. The water vapour cools in the condenser and condense back to liquid water
  4. Pure water is collected in the conical flask as the distillate
  5. As more water vaporises, the solution becomes more concentrated
  6. Eventually, a solid residue of salt remains in the distillation flask
20
Q

Chromatography

A

Chromatography is used to separate a mixture of substances which have different solubilities in a given solvent

21
Q

Fractional distillation

A

Fractional distillation is used to separate miscible liquids with different boiling points

22
Q

Describe the process of fractional distillation

A
  1. As the solution is heated, both ethanol and water vapour rise up the column
  2. 1 solution has a higher boiling point, it condenses on the cool surfaces within the fractioning column and the solution with higher boiling point returns to the flask
  3. The second solution with a lower boiling point continues to rise and exits the column through the sidearm at the top
  4. The hot vapour of solution 2 condenses into a liquid as it travels through the inner tube of the condenser
  5. Liquid solution 2 flows into the conical flask
23
Q

Purity of substance

A

A pure substance has a specific melting and/or boiling point under fixed conditions

chem (18 decks)

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