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ANIMAL PRODUCTION - 3 > 1 – Equine Industry > Flashcards

1 – Equine Industry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lifespan of a horse?

A
  • 25-30+ years
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2
Q

Mare

A
  • Mature female horse, greater than 4 years
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3
Q

Stallion

A
  • Mature male horse, intact, greater than 4 years
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4
Q

Gelding

A
  • Castrated male horse
    o Usually done between 6 months to 2 years
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5
Q

Filly

A
  • Immature female horse, less than 4 years
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6
Q

Colt

A
  • Immature male horse, less than 4 years
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7
Q

Hands high (HH)

A
  • Measurement of horse from ground to withers
  • 1 hand=4 inches
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8
Q

Broke

A
  • Horse is trained to be ridden
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9
Q

Green

A
  • Horse is inexperienced
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10
Q

Lungeing/longeing

A
  • Exercise or training technique where horse is moved around a handler in a circle on a long line
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11
Q

Horse breeds and categories

A
  • More than 200 breeds
    o Hot blood, cold blood, warm blood
    o Heavy horses/draft and light horses
    o Ponies, miniature
    o Saddle horses, harness horses
    o Registered, grade horse
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12
Q

Draft horse/heavy horses characteristics and height

A
  • Tall
  • Muscular
  • Broad back
  • *feathered distal limbs
  • *16-19 HH
  • Ex. Clydesdale, belgian
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13
Q

Draft horse/heavy horses uses

A
  • Bred to pull
    o Farming, log carts, wagons, sleigh, showing
  • Riding in a variety of sports
  • Harness may be used as a single or a team
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14
Q

Warmblood/medium weight horses characteristics and height

A
  • More refined features than draft horses w/o feather
  • 15-18 HH
  • Ex. Hanoverian, trakehner
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15
Q

Warmblood/medium weight horses ‘classification’ and uses

A
  • ‘open studbooks’
    o Do not require 2 pure blood parents
    o Accept animals of similar phenotypes to improve the breed
  • Bred to excel at competitive English riding (dressage and jumping)
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16
Q

Light horse characteristics and height

A
  • Specific characteristics
  • Generally small/lighter in build
  • *greater 14.2 HH
  • Ex. Arabian, WH, throughbred, paint horse
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17
Q

Light horse uses

A
  • Specific sport or used or pleasure
    o Track racing, cow horse/western sports
    o Halter
    o Harness
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18
Q

Pony phenotypically distinct features and height

A
  • Thicker coat, mane, tail
  • Short/stocky legs
  • Wider barrels
  • Shorter/thicker neck
  • Broad forehead
  • *shorter than 14.2HH
  • Ex. Shetland, welse
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19
Q

Pony uses

A
  • Riding
  • Sport
  • Pull carts
  • *sure-footedness (backcountry riding)
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20
Q

Miniature horse characteristics

A
  • Legs longer than body is deep
  • More refined structure than small ponies
  • *less than 8.2 HH
  • Ex. American miniature horses
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21
Q

Miniature horse uses

A
  • Companion animals
  • Harness
  • In-hand sport
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22
Q

What makes up 2/3rds of the worlds equid population?

A
  • Donkeys and mules
  • *working animals
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23
Q

What are the 3 common sizes of donkeys and mules?

A
  • Miniature
  • Standard (small and large varieties)
  • Mammoth
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24
Q

What is a mule?

A
  • 63 chromosomes=INFERTILE
  • Highly versatile
    o Strength, endurance and surefootedness of donkey
    o Athletic ability and speed of a horse
  • *used for work and sport
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25
Jack and jenny
- Jack: male donkey - Jenny: female donkey
26
Mule and hinny
- Mule: horse dam, donkey sire - Hinny: donkey dam, horse sire
27
Mare/molly
- Female mule
28
Horse mule/john mule
- Male mule
29
Hule and jule
- Hule: Horse sire, mule dam o Example in class - Jule: donkey sire, mule dam - *BOTH ARE RARE (don’t normally have a fertile mule)
30
What are the different wild equids?
- Feral horses - Mustangs - Prezwalski’s horse - Zebra (32-46 chromosomes) - Wild assess
31
Feral horses
- Multiple populations in Canada (AB, BC, SK, Sable Island)
32
Mustangs
- Free roaming horses (feral) in Western US o Descended from Spanish Horses - Managed by Bureau of Land Management
33
Prezwalski’s horse
- Endangered horse native to central Asia - 66 chromosomes - 12-14 HH (shorter), 300 kg - *Dun markings (light sandy colour with dark dorsal stripe on back and distal limbs, mane and tail) - stocky
34
What are the ID methods of equids?
- Hot iron or freeze brand - Microchip (in lip) - Tattoo (but often fades with time) - *registration papers - DNA or Coggins (EIA) test papers - passports
35
Breed registries
- many breeds represented by national or international breed registry/association - qualification is usually based on parents o closed stud book o open stud book - some have genetic, conformational or height requirements
36
Closed stud book
- 2 pure bred parents - No outside bloodlines accepted - Ex. thoroughbreds, trakenhner
37
Open stud book
- Animals may be registered even if parents are not o Most warmbloods o Semi open for quarter horses
38
Genetic testing for breed registry (Arabian, American Quarter Horse, Friesian)
- Arabian: parentage test but test for common diseases - American Quarter horse: 5+ test for breed stock - Friesian: DNA test stallions for breeding, mares and foals need parentage verification
39
What are some breed specific disorders that are genetically tested for?
- Connemara pony hoof wall separation disease - Equine familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (throughbred) - Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (Belgians) - Warmblood fragile foal syndrome type 1
40
Colour genetics
- Some testing is done if want a specific colour - Some colours are linked to genetic diseases
41
Overo lethal white syndrome associated with what gene?
- Homozygous for overo coat colour pattern gene o Mostly dark but some white over them (‘paint horse’)
42
what is silver dilution associated with?
- Multiple congenital ocular anomalies
43
What is the grey gene associated with?
- Increased risk of melanoma
44
What is leopard complex associated with?
- Congenital stationary night blindness in appaloosas
45
Walk
- 4 beat gait with each foot hitting ground independently
46
Trot
- 2 beat diagonal gait with contralateral limbs moving synchronously
47
Canter
- 3 beat gait - L lead: left is inside the circle o RH, LH+RF, LF
48
Gallop
- 3-4 beat gait o Same as canter, except diagonal hind foot hits ground slightly before front foot
49
Gaited horses
- Unique gait specific to certain breeds - Claimed to be a ‘smoother rid’ - Ex. American standard bred: trot or pace (2 beat unilateral gait)
50
What are the uses of horses in the equine industry?
- Sport - Recreation - Companionship - Breeding - Labour (mounted police, ranch, logging, transport) - Teaching and research - Equine therapy - Production: PMU and meat - Entertainment - Tourism
51
What breeds are used for flat racing?
- Thoroughbred - Quarter horse - Arabian
52
What breeds are used for harness racing?
- Standardbreds o Pacer, trotters
53
What are the different English disciplines?
- Dressage - Jumper - Hunter - 3-day eventing - Polo - Polo cross - Endurance
54
What is judged in dressage?
- Ability to perform graceful dancelike movements that seem effortless
55
What is judged in jumpers?
- How quickly a course can be completed with as few faults as possible
56
What is judged in hunters?
- Accuracy, grace and elegance of completing a set out course
57
What is 3-day eventing?
- Single horse and rider compete in dressage, show jumping and cross country
58
What are the breeds for pulling (weighting) competitions?
- Draft breeds o Shire o Clydesdale o Percheron o Belgian
59
What is driving (6-horse hitch)?
- Showcase ability to work in team and at different paces in show ring - Turnout (appearance) is important
60
What is combined driving?
- 4 horses of lighter breeds, similar appearance, working well together - 3 phase event o Dressage, cross country and timed obstacle course
61
What is chuckwagon racing?
- Team of 4 horses perform a figure 8 around 2 barrels and then race around tack against multiple other teams - Each team supported by 2-4 outriders o 24-32 horses on track at once - Breeds: usually TB (can have pony chucks)
62
Rodeo
- Timed events that have stemmed from different aspects of ranch work and life - Ex. bronc riding, barrel racing, pick up horses)
63
Western show ring
- Classes and disciples that emphasize horsemanship and skills and movements adapted from working cattle
64
Ranch horse work and competitions
- Competitive disciplines based on practical skills that horses working with cattle are expected to perform
65
What is halter classes or ‘competitions’?
- Show off breed specific characteristics - Judged on conformation - Halter horses: ‘epitome’ of what the breed should look like
66
Vaulting
- Acrobatic gymnastics on back of moving horse - horse is controlled by lunger - horse wears a surcingle with hand grips and stirrup loops for vaulter to grasp
67
Horses as production animals
- manure: fertilizer - leather - meat - hair: violine strings, jewellery - serum: culture media - hormones: Premarin - glue and milk
68
Pregnant mares urine
- used as estrogen source in the drug Premarin (Pfizer) o hormone replacement therapy for post-menopausal women - commonly draft horses (get more urine from a bigger horse, but byproduct=foals had little use) - *most now raise QH foals o Sold as weanlings o Performance and ranch horse prospects - Not as much of an industry now

ANIMAL PRODUCTION - 3 (20 decks)

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