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EXB 112 > 1. CV Review > Flashcards

1. CV Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic function of the circulatory system?

A

Support cell metabolism by:

  • delivering O2 and nutrients to cells
  • removing CO2 and wastes from cells
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2
Q

By what mechanism are nutrients delivered by the circulatory system?

A

Diffusion

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3
Q

Over what distances is diffusion timely? Why?

A

Timely only over tiny distances (over large distances, diffusion is too slow to keep up w/ cells’ metabolic rates)

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4
Q

How is diffusion maximized?

A
  • Larger surface area
  • Minimal distance and membrane thickness
  • Large concentration gradient
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5
Q

What is Fick’s Law of Diffusion?

A

Qx = rate of diffusion of X

D = diffusion coefficient

As = surface area for exchange

Δ[X] = concentration gradient

ΔL = diffusion distance

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6
Q

What drives transcapillary solute movement?

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

How do capillaries affect Fick’s Law of Diffusion?

A
  • Increases surface area for exchange
  • Minimizes diffusion distance
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8
Q

How are capillaries made to maximize diffusion?

A
  • Huge CSA
  • Thin membrane wall
  • Small diameter
  • Large number throughout body
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9
Q

How are CSA and speed of flow in the CV system related?

A

Inversely:

  • large CSA = slower flow
  • small CSA = rapid flow
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10
Q

Why is it important for CSA and speed of flow in the CV system to have an inverse relationship?

A

Large CSA –> velocity slows –> allows more time for nutrient exchange

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11
Q

What is the basic function of the heart?

A

Develops the pressure gradient that creates flow of blood w/in the circulatory system

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12
Q

Over what distances is convection (bulk flow) timely?

A

Timely over large distances

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13
Q

Why is bulk flow (convection) important?

A
  • Maintains the driving force for diffusion, so nutrients are coming in at a rate proportional to their leaving
  • Shortens time b/t capillary beds –> speeds up diffusion
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14
Q

Define convection.

A

Bulk flow of blood around the circulatory system

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15
Q

How could one increase the delivery rate of a substance?

A
  • Increase blood flow rate
  • Increase concentration of substance in blood
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16
Q

Equation for delivery rate

A

X = Q[X]

X = rate of delivery of x (mass/time)

Q = blood flow rate (volume/time)

[X] = concentration of X in blood (mass/volume)

17
Q

What is the Fick Principle?

A
  • Xtc = transcapillary efflux of X
  • Q = blood flow rate
  • [X]a = concentration of X in arterial blood
  • [X]v = concentration of X in venous blood
18
Q

What is the equation for convective flow?

A
19
Q

What are the 2 ways to alter how quickly blood flows to an organ?

A
  • Change the pressure difference across its vascular bed
  • Change its vascular resistance
20
Q

What are the resistance vessels controlling the radius?

A

Arterioles

21
Q

What does arterial dilation promote?

A

Filtration (fluid exit across the capillaries)

-Less of the oncoming pressure from heart is resisted out –> capillaries leak a lot

22
Q

What does arterial constriction promote?

A

Reabsorption (fluid movement back into the capillaries)

-Arterioles resist out most of the pressure, so the actual pressure entering the capillaries is much lower –> capillaries leak less

23
Q

What drives transcapillary fluid movement?

A

Convection

24
Q

What governs fluid movement into and out of the circulation?

A

4 starling forces (pressures) in the blood and tissue compartments

25
Q

What are the 4 starling forces?

A
26
Q

Which starling forces push fluid into circulation? Out of circulation?

A
27
Q

What occurs on the arterial end of a capillary?

A
28
Q

What occurs on the venous end of a capillary?

A
29
Q

Transcapillary solute movement vs. transcapillary fluid movement

A
  • Solute: has to do w/ rate of diffusion of solute/gas from the capillary to the cell
  • Fluid: has to do w/ volume distribution b/t plasma in capillaries and interstitial space

EXB 112 (16 decks)

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