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Neuroscience Exam 3 > 1 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

1 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

General difference between CN and SN

A

Cranial nerves contain inflow/outflow of brain
Spinal nerves contain inflow/outflow of spinal cord

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2
Q

Classification of CN based on what?

A

Embryological, structural/anatomical, and functional characteristics

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3
Q

Neurons carrying similar modalities are called ___ and arise from ___.

A

functional components; functional columns

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4
Q

what can be sensory, motor, or both (mixed)?

A

cranial NERVES

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5
Q

what can be sensory or motor but never both?

A

cranial nerve NUCLEI

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6
Q

is there a one-to-one correlation between cranial nerves and functional columns?

can a particular cranial nerve carry several distinct functional modailities?

A

NO, YES

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7
Q

the alar plate gives rise to ___ nuclei from the ___ horn

A

sensory; dorsal

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8
Q

the basal plate gives rise to ___ nuclei from the ___ horn

A

motor; ventral

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9
Q

differences between CN nuclei vs. dorsal and ventral horns

A
  1. lateromedial vs. dorsoventral (anterior/posterior) column organization
  2. neuronal migration is more extensive in brain stem
  3. discontinuous columns
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10
Q

how does the brainstem develop?

A

starts posteriorly at dorsal sensory or alar plate
opens up laterally like a book

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11
Q

Motor nuclei are [continuous/discontinuous] and sensory nuclei are [continuous/discontinuous].

A

discontinuous; continuous

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12
Q

where are the motor nuclei columns located in relation to sulcus limitans?

A

medial

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13
Q

where are the sensory nuclei columns located in relation to sulcus limitans?

A

lateral

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14
Q

1st letter: G

A

General
types of neurons found BOTH in spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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15
Q

1st letter: S

A

Special
types of neurons ONLY FOUND in cranial nerves NOT spinal nerves

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16
Q

2nd letter: S

A

Somatic
types of neurons innervating structures derived from somites (skin, skeletal m., cartilage etc.)

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17
Q

2nd letter: V

A

Visceral
types of neuron innervating:
- viscera: cardiac ms, smooth ms, and glands
- structures derived from or associated with pharyngeal arches

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18
Q

3rd letter: E

A

Efferent
MOTOR neurons to skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle; also secretomotor neurons to glands

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19
Q

3rd letter: A

A

Afferent
SENSORY neurons

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20
Q

what classifications can be used for spinal nerves

A

GSA, GVA (pain), GVE, GSE

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21
Q

what classifications can be used for cranial nerves?

A

GSA, GVA (reflex), GVE, GSE
SSA, SVA, SVE

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22
Q

what carries pain, temp, and mechanical info from receptors in skin, muscles and joints

A

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

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23
Q

what carries sensory info from receptors in visceral structures (pain/reflex)

A

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

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24
Q

what contains preganglionic autonomic fibers

A

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)
(typically the para/sympathetics)

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25
what innervates skeletal muscle (alpha and gamma motor neurons)
General Somatic Efferent (GSE) (something you control)
26
what supplies special senses of vision, auditory sensation and vestibular (balance equilibrium) apparatus?
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
27
what supplies chemical senses of taste and smell?
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
28
what innervates striated ms derived from pharyngeal arches?
Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)
29
CN in telencephalon
CN I - olfactory
30
olfactory receptor neuron is derived from ___
nasal placode
31
olfactory bulb is derived from ___
telencephalon
32
what type of neurons are the olfactory receptor
bipolar neurons
33
where are olfactory receptors found
within olfactory epithelium lining the superior nasal chonca
34
axon bundles from the olfactory nerve penetrate the ___ and synapse with ___ in the ___.
cribiform plate; mitral and tuft cells; olfactory bulb
35
CN in diencephalon
CN II - optic
36
what is CN II derived from?
Optic vesicle (outpouching of diencephalon)
37
CN in midbrain
CN III - oculomotor CN IV - trochlear
38
where does CN III emerge from
interpeduncular fossa - space between cerebral peduncles
39
where does CN IV emerge from
from midbrain, directly inferior to inferior colliculus marks PONS-MIDBRAIN JUNCTION
40
CN in pons
V - trigeminal VI - avducens VII - facial VIII - vestibulocochlear
41
what CN exits laterally at mid-pons
trigeminal nerve V
42
where do CN VI, VII, and VIII exit the pons?
exit at pontomedullary junction in a medial-lateral sequence
43
CN in medulla
IX - glossopharyngeal X - vagus XII - hypoglossal
44
what emerges along postolivary sulcus rostrally?
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
45
what emerges as rootlets along postolivary sulcus caudally?
CN X - vagus
46
rootles of ___ exit along preolivary sulcus between pyramids and olive
CN XII - hypoglossal
47
CN in spinal cord
CN XI - spinal accessory
48
where does CN XI arise from
ventral horn in cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)
49
what column does skeletal somatic motor
medial motor column
50
what column does autonomic/preganglionic parasympathetics
intermediate motor column
51
what column does the branchiomeric/pharyngeal arches
lateral motor column
52
what CN are associated with Medial Motor Column GSE
Occulomotor III - midbrain Trochlear IV - midbrain Abducens VI - pons Hypoglossal XII - medulla Spinal Accessory XI - C1-C5
53
what CN are associated with Intermediate Motor Column GVE
Edinger-Westphal III - midbrain Superior Salvatory nucleus VII - pons Inferior Salvatory nucleus IX - medulla Dorsal motor nucleus X - medulla
54
what ganglion does Edinger-Westphal go to?
(III) ciliary ganglion
55
what ganglia does superior salvatory nucleus go to
pterygopalatine ganglion or submandibular and sublingual ganglion
56
what ganglion does inferior salvatory nucleus go to
otic ganglion
57
what ganglion does dorsal motor nucleus go to
terminal (intramural) ganglia
58
what CN associated with lateral motor column (SVE)
motor nucleus of CN V (PA1) - pons motor nucleus of CN VII (PA2) - pons nucleus ambiguous [CN IX (3) and CN X (PA 4 and 6)]- medulla
59
what column does visceral afferent and taste (solitary nucleus)
medial sensory column
60
what column does hearing and balance (vestibulochcoclear nucleus)
intermediate (posterolateral) sensory column
61
what column does somatic afferent (trigeminal nuclei)
lateral sensory column
62
what main nuclei and nerve are part of the medial sensory column
1. solitary nucleus (SVA and GVA): pons-medulla 2. olfactory nerve CN I (SVA)
63
what are the nuclei classifications part of the solitary nucleus? what are the CN composed of?
1. gustatory nucleus (SVA) - VII, IX, and X 2. cardiorespiratory nuccleus (GVA) - VII, IX, and X
64
what is the rostral part of the solitary nucleus? the caudal part?
rostral: gustatory nucleus (SVA) caudal: cardiorespiratory nucleus (GVA)
65
is CN I associated with brainstem columns
NO
66
what nuclei are associated with intermediate sensory column (SSA)
1. vestibular nucleus (SSA) 2. cochlear nucleus (SSA) 3. Optic nerve (CN II) (SSA) - NOT associated with brainstem columns
67
what is somatosensory to the head, oral cavity, and external ear?
lateral sensory column (GSA)
68
what is the rostral continuation of the dorsal horn and extends from caudal medulla to rostral midbrain?
lateral sensory column (GSA)
69
what are the nuclei of the lateral sensory column (GSA)? CN associated with it?
1. main (chief) or principal sensory nuclei - VII, IX, X 2. spinal trigeminal nuclei - VII, IX, X 3. mesencephalic nuclei
70
CN associated and function of: GSA
V, VII, IX, X - general sensation and proprioception
71
CN associated and function of: GSE
III, IV, VI, XI - motor to extraocular m. XII - motor to tongue
72
CN associated and function of: GVA
VII, IX, X - general sensation from viscera
73
CN associated and function of: GVE
III, VII, IX, X - PS to viscera
74
CN associated and function of: SSA
II - ss input from retina VIII - ss input from vestibulocochlear apparatus
75
CN associated and function of: SVA
I - smell VII, IX, X - taste
76
CN associated and function of: SVE
V, VII, IX, X - motor to branchiomeric m.
77
Name and nerve type: CN I
Olfactory - SVA
78
Name and nerve type: CN II
Optic - SSA
79
Name and nerve type: CN III
Oculomotor - GSE, GVE
80
Name and nerve type: CN IV
Trochlearr - GSE
81
Name and nerve type: CN V
Trigeminal - SVE and GSA
82
Name and nerve type: CN VI
Abducens - GSE
83
Name and nerve type: CN VII
Facial - SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA, GVA ALL EXCEPT SSA
84
Name and nerve type: CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear - SSA
85
Name and nerve type: CN IX
Glossopharyngeal - SVE, GVE, GVA, SVA, GSA ALL EXCEPT SSA
86
Name and nerve type: CN X
Vagus - SVE, GVE, GVA, SVA, GSA ALL EXCEPT SSA
87
Name and nerve type: CN XI
Spinal Accessory - GSE
88
Name and nerve type: CN XII
Hypoglossal - GSE
89
sensory ganglia for CN I
specialized cells in olfactory epithelium
90
sensory ganglia for CN II
specialized cells in retina
91
sensory ganglia for CN V
trigeminal gangliion
92
sensory ganglia for CN VII
geniculate ganglion
93
sensory ganglia for VIII
specialized cells in cochlea
94
sensory ganglia for IX
superior and inferior glossopharyngeal gangliia
95
sensory ganglia for CN X
superior and inferior jugular ganglia

Neuroscience Exam 3 (7 decks)

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