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Neuroscience Exam 3 > 1 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

1 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

General difference between CN and SN

A

Cranial nerves contain inflow/outflow of brain
Spinal nerves contain inflow/outflow of spinal cord

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2
Q

Classification of CN based on what?

A

Embryological, structural/anatomical, and functional characteristics

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3
Q

Neurons carrying similar modalities are called ___ and arise from ___.

A

functional components; functional columns

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4
Q

what can be sensory, motor, or both (mixed)?

A

cranial NERVES

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5
Q

what can be sensory or motor but never both?

A

cranial nerve NUCLEI

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6
Q

is there a one-to-one correlation between cranial nerves and functional columns?

can a particular cranial nerve carry several distinct functional modailities?

A

NO, YES

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7
Q

the alar plate gives rise to ___ nuclei from the ___ horn

A

sensory; dorsal

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8
Q

the basal plate gives rise to ___ nuclei from the ___ horn

A

motor; ventral

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9
Q

differences between CN nuclei vs. dorsal and ventral horns

A
  1. lateromedial vs. dorsoventral (anterior/posterior) column organization
  2. neuronal migration is more extensive in brain stem
  3. discontinuous columns
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10
Q

how does the brainstem develop?

A

starts posteriorly at dorsal sensory or alar plate
opens up laterally like a book

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11
Q

Motor nuclei are [continuous/discontinuous] and sensory nuclei are [continuous/discontinuous].

A

discontinuous; continuous

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12
Q

where are the motor nuclei columns located in relation to sulcus limitans?

A

medial

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13
Q

where are the sensory nuclei columns located in relation to sulcus limitans?

A

lateral

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14
Q

1st letter: G

A

General
types of neurons found BOTH in spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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15
Q

1st letter: S

A

Special
types of neurons ONLY FOUND in cranial nerves NOT spinal nerves

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16
Q

2nd letter: S

A

Somatic
types of neurons innervating structures derived from somites (skin, skeletal m., cartilage etc.)

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17
Q

2nd letter: V

A

Visceral
types of neuron innervating:
- viscera: cardiac ms, smooth ms, and glands
- structures derived from or associated with pharyngeal arches

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18
Q

3rd letter: E

A

Efferent
MOTOR neurons to skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle; also secretomotor neurons to glands

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19
Q

3rd letter: A

A

Afferent
SENSORY neurons

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20
Q

what classifications can be used for spinal nerves

A

GSA, GVA (pain), GVE, GSE

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21
Q

what classifications can be used for cranial nerves?

A

GSA, GVA (reflex), GVE, GSE
SSA, SVA, SVE

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22
Q

what carries pain, temp, and mechanical info from receptors in skin, muscles and joints

A

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

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23
Q

what carries sensory info from receptors in visceral structures (pain/reflex)

A

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

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24
Q

what contains preganglionic autonomic fibers

A

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)
(typically the para/sympathetics)

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25
Q

what innervates skeletal muscle (alpha and gamma motor neurons)

A

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
(something you control)

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26
Q

what supplies special senses of vision, auditory sensation and vestibular (balance equilibrium) apparatus?

A

Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)

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27
Q

what supplies chemical senses of taste and smell?

A

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

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28
Q

what innervates striated ms derived from pharyngeal arches?

A

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)

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29
Q

CN in telencephalon

A

CN I - olfactory

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30
Q

olfactory receptor neuron is derived from ___

A

nasal placode

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31
Q

olfactory bulb is derived from ___

A

telencephalon

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32
Q

what type of neurons are the olfactory receptor

A

bipolar neurons

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33
Q

where are olfactory receptors found

A

within olfactory epithelium lining the superior nasal chonca

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34
Q

axon bundles from the olfactory nerve penetrate the ___ and synapse with ___ in the ___.

A

cribiform plate; mitral and tuft cells; olfactory bulb

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35
Q

CN in diencephalon

A

CN II - optic

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36
Q

what is CN II derived from?

A

Optic vesicle (outpouching of diencephalon)

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37
Q

CN in midbrain

A

CN III - oculomotor
CN IV - trochlear

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38
Q

where does CN III emerge from

A

interpeduncular fossa - space between cerebral peduncles

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39
Q

where does CN IV emerge from

A

from midbrain, directly inferior to inferior colliculus
marks PONS-MIDBRAIN JUNCTION

40
Q

CN in pons

A

V - trigeminal
VI - avducens
VII - facial
VIII - vestibulocochlear

41
Q

what CN exits laterally at mid-pons

A

trigeminal nerve V

42
Q

where do CN VI, VII, and VIII exit the pons?

A

exit at pontomedullary junction in a medial-lateral sequence

43
Q

CN in medulla

A

IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
XII - hypoglossal

44
Q

what emerges along postolivary sulcus rostrally?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

45
Q

what emerges as rootlets along postolivary sulcus caudally?

A

CN X - vagus

46
Q

rootles of ___ exit along preolivary sulcus between pyramids and olive

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

47
Q

CN in spinal cord

A

CN XI - spinal accessory

48
Q

where does CN XI arise from

A

ventral horn in cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)

49
Q

what column does skeletal somatic motor

A

medial motor column

50
Q

what column does autonomic/preganglionic parasympathetics

A

intermediate motor column

51
Q

what column does the branchiomeric/pharyngeal arches

A

lateral motor column

52
Q

what CN are associated with Medial Motor Column GSE

A

Occulomotor III - midbrain
Trochlear IV - midbrain
Abducens VI - pons
Hypoglossal XII - medulla
Spinal Accessory XI - C1-C5

53
Q

what CN are associated with Intermediate Motor Column GVE

A

Edinger-Westphal III - midbrain
Superior Salvatory nucleus VII - pons
Inferior Salvatory nucleus IX - medulla
Dorsal motor nucleus X - medulla

54
Q

what ganglion does Edinger-Westphal go to?

A

(III) ciliary ganglion

55
Q

what ganglia does superior salvatory nucleus go to

A

pterygopalatine ganglion or submandibular and sublingual ganglion

56
Q

what ganglion does inferior salvatory nucleus go to

A

otic ganglion

57
Q

what ganglion does dorsal motor nucleus go to

A

terminal (intramural) ganglia

58
Q

what CN associated with lateral motor column (SVE)

A

motor nucleus of CN V (PA1) - pons
motor nucleus of CN VII (PA2) - pons
nucleus ambiguous [CN IX (3) and CN X (PA 4 and 6)]- medulla

59
Q

what column does visceral afferent and taste (solitary nucleus)

A

medial sensory column

60
Q

what column does hearing and balance (vestibulochcoclear nucleus)

A

intermediate (posterolateral) sensory column

61
Q

what column does somatic afferent (trigeminal nuclei)

A

lateral sensory column

62
Q

what main nuclei and nerve are part of the medial sensory column

A
  1. solitary nucleus (SVA and GVA): pons-medulla
  2. olfactory nerve CN I (SVA)
63
Q

what are the nuclei classifications part of the solitary nucleus? what are the CN composed of?

A
  1. gustatory nucleus (SVA) - VII, IX, and X
  2. cardiorespiratory nuccleus (GVA) - VII, IX, and X
64
Q

what is the rostral part of the solitary nucleus? the caudal part?

A

rostral: gustatory nucleus (SVA)
caudal: cardiorespiratory nucleus (GVA)

65
Q

is CN I associated with brainstem columns

66
Q

what nuclei are associated with intermediate sensory column (SSA)

A
  1. vestibular nucleus (SSA)
  2. cochlear nucleus (SSA)
  3. Optic nerve (CN II) (SSA) - NOT associated with brainstem columns
67
Q

what is somatosensory to the head, oral cavity, and external ear?

A

lateral sensory column (GSA)

68
Q

what is the rostral continuation of the dorsal horn and extends from caudal medulla to rostral midbrain?

A

lateral sensory column (GSA)

69
Q

what are the nuclei of the lateral sensory column (GSA)? CN associated with it?

A
  1. main (chief) or principal sensory nuclei - VII, IX, X
  2. spinal trigeminal nuclei - VII, IX, X
  3. mesencephalic nuclei
70
Q

CN associated and function of:

GSA

A

V, VII, IX, X - general sensation and proprioception

71
Q

CN associated and function of:

GSE

A

III, IV, VI, XI - motor to extraocular m.
XII - motor to tongue

72
Q

CN associated and function of:

GVA

A

VII, IX, X - general sensation from viscera

73
Q

CN associated and function of:

GVE

A

III, VII, IX, X - PS to viscera

74
Q

CN associated and function of:

SSA

A

II - ss input from retina
VIII - ss input from vestibulocochlear apparatus

75
Q

CN associated and function of:

SVA

A

I - smell
VII, IX, X - taste

76
Q

CN associated and function of:

SVE

A

V, VII, IX, X - motor to branchiomeric m.

77
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN I

A

Olfactory - SVA

78
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN II

A

Optic - SSA

79
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN III

A

Oculomotor - GSE, GVE

80
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN IV

A

Trochlearr - GSE

81
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN V

A

Trigeminal - SVE and GSA

82
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN VI

A

Abducens - GSE

83
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN VII

A

Facial - SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA, GVA

ALL EXCEPT SSA

84
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear - SSA

85
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal - SVE, GVE, GVA, SVA, GSA

ALL EXCEPT SSA

86
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN X

A

Vagus - SVE, GVE, GVA, SVA, GSA

ALL EXCEPT SSA

87
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory - GSE

88
Q

Name and nerve type:

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal - GSE

89
Q

sensory ganglia for CN I

A

specialized cells in olfactory epithelium

90
Q

sensory ganglia for CN II

A

specialized cells in retina

91
Q

sensory ganglia for CN V

A

trigeminal gangliion

92
Q

sensory ganglia for CN VII

A

geniculate ganglion

93
Q

sensory ganglia for VIII

A

specialized cells in cochlea

94
Q

sensory ganglia for IX

A

superior and inferior glossopharyngeal gangliia

95
Q

sensory ganglia for CN X

A

superior and inferior jugular ganglia

Neuroscience Exam 3 (7 decks)

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