1: Concepts and cells

Question 1

2 types of immunity

Answer 1

• innate

- adaptive

Question 2

2 types of innate immunity

Answer 2

• humoral

- cellular

Question 3

types of innate humoral immunity (3)

Answer 3

• complement
• cytokines/chemokines
• antimicrobial peptides

Question 4

types of innate cellular immunity (3+)

Answer 4

• monocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells)
• natural killer cells
• granulocytes (mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils)

Question 5

adaptive humoral immunity

Answer 5

antibodies

Question 6

types of adaptive cellular immunity (2+)

Answer 6

• b cells

- t cells (helper, cytotoxic, regulatory)

Question 7

3 components of the immune system

Answer 7

• soluble components
• cellular components
• tissues

Question 8

importance of soluble components of the immune system (3)

Answer 8

• released by immune cells, fibroblasts, etc
• affect differentiation and activities of immune cells
• can have direct action on invading pathogens/tumors

Question 9

importance of cellular components of immune system (2)

Answer 9

• innate responses

- adaptive responses

Question 10

importance of tissues of the immune system

Answer 10

• primary organs

- secondary organs

Question 11

where do all cells of the immune system arise from

Answer 11

bone marrow precursors

Question 12

what drives differentiation of immune cells down the pathway

Answer 12

cytokines

Question 13

2 types of progenitor cells

Answer 13

• lymphoid

- myeloid

Question 14

what do lymphoid progenitors become (3) and where

Answer 14

• b cells, t cells, nk cells

- bone marrow then lymph nodes

Question 15

what do myeloid progenitors become (3) and where

Answer 15

• granulocytes, platelets, erythrocytes

- bone marrow, blood, tissues

Question 16

another word for white blood cells

Answer 16

leukocytes

Question 17

where do leukocytes originate from

Answer 17

in the bone marrow from hematopoetic stem cells

Question 18

another name for neutrophils

Answer 18

PMNs (polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte)

Question 19

what are neutrophils responsible for

Answer 19

phagocytosis and digestion of bacteria and particles

Question 20

nucleus and staining of neutrophils

Answer 20

• multi-lobed nuclei

- cytoplasmic granules that stain with natural dyes

Question 21

neutrophil life span

Answer 21

short (2 days)

Question 22

what is most important phagocytic cell

Answer 22

macrophage

Question 23

what is most numerous cellular component of innate immunity

Answer 23

neutrophils

Question 24

activities of macrophages (3)

Answer 24

• regulating homeostatic processes
• wound healing
• phagocytosis and killing bacteria

Question 25

what do macrophages secrete

Answer 25

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 26

what do macrophages present

Answer 26

processed antigens to t-cells

Question 27

what do macrophages help to do

Answer 27

initiate adaptive immune response

Question 28

where are dendritic cells located

Answer 28

• skin, intestinal, respiratory, reproductive tract mucosa

- migrate to draining lymph nodes

Question 29

main importance of dendritic cells

Answer 29

most important antigen presenting cell (links innate and adaptive immunity)

Question 30

where do lymphocytes arise from

Answer 30

lymphoid progenitor in bone marrow or bursa

Question 31

where do b and t cells mature

Answer 31

b in lymph nodes, t in thymus

Question 32

what do lymphocytes mediate

Answer 32

adaptive (antigen-specific) immunity

Question 33

where are lymphocytes found

Answer 33

blood, lymphoid organs

Question 34

what do lymphocytes undergo once they are “selected”

Answer 34

clonal replication

Question 35

steps in lymphocyte replication

Answer 35

• single progenitor cell gives rise to many lymphocytes with different specificities
• removal of self-reactive ones
• pool of mature naive lymphocytes left
• foreign antigen causes proliferation and differentiation of activated specific lymphocytes

Question 36

what is different about natural killer cells

Answer 36

• different antigen receptors than B or T cells

- don’t require thymus for differentiation

Question 37

what do NK cells do (3)

Answer 37

• kill tumor cells and virally-infected cells
• possess an Fc receptor allowing them to bind to many types of antibodies
• secrete interferons (cytokine activating other cells to be anti-viral)