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History Paper 2 > 1 Civil Rights movement > Flashcards

1 Civil Rights movement Flashcards

1
Q

why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?

migration

A

black migration to the north encouraged democrats/republiicans to solicit African american supporters.
- 65000 indians left their reservations to work in wartime industries/armed forces
- employers also encouraged women to work outside the home.

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2
Q

why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?

1942 Executive order 9066

A

110,000 people of japanese descent taken to internment camps as they were deemed a threat to national security

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3
Q

why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?

zoo riots 1943

A
  • white servicemen attacked hispanic teenagers
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4
Q

why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?

1948 Executive Order 9981

A
  • ‘equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country’s defence, without regard to race, colour, religion or natural origin’

Truman

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5
Q

why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?

roosevelt banned..

A

discrimination in defence industries

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6
Q

Jim crow south

sharecropping

A

a % of crop yield would go to the landlord. Trapped usually black people on poor land

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7
Q

Jim Crow South

factories employed

A

white people

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8
Q

Jim Crow South

civil rights act 1875

A
  • equal treatment in public accomodation
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9
Q

Jim Crow South

andrew johnson

A

enacted redconstruction law which ordered alll land under federal control be returned to its previous owners after ‘forty acres and a mule’ plan

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10
Q

new orleans

new orleans

A
  • jim crow laws enforced segregation post-war in hopes of returning to pre-war white supremacy
  • but new orleans was increasingly diverse
  • part of the triangular trade route
  • segregation in public voting
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11
Q

‘leaving the south’

by law african americans denied

A

access to schools and hospitals

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12
Q

‘leaving the south’

white people could even

A

kill black people with little fear of being imprisoned

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13
Q

‘leaving the south’

black people could not

A

obtain education or work at risk of angry white people who wanted to keep them out of these fields through violence
- opportunities in the north grew because of world war 2.

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14
Q

1954 Brown v. Board

what happened

A
  1. linda brown lived extremely far from her all black school, which she was required to attend
  2. she was not allowed to attend the all white school which was much closer
  3. her father took it to court with the lawyer Thurgood Marshall
  4. justices ruled 9-0 vote and decided segregational laws were unconstitutional, violated the 11th amendment.
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15
Q

1954 Brown v. Board

impact

A

changes in education access across the country

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16
Q

NAACP (throughout)

aimed to

A

rule jim crow laws unconstitutional

17
Q

NAACP (throughout)

local branches initiated

A

protest against the segregated public places. eg. lunch counters, theatres.

18
Q

NAACP (throughout)

key individuals

A
  • W.E.B Dubois
  • Mary White ovington
19
Q

NAACP (throughout)

what did they find

A

inequalities in educational and law courts

20
Q

Murder of Emmett Till 1955

what happend

A
  • 14 year old boy was abducted, tortured in mississippi after alegedly offending a white lady
  • Bryant Milan found not guilty of his murder by an ALL WHITE JURY
21
Q

Murder of Emmett Till 1955

impact

A

seen as a catalyst for the next phase of the civil rights movement. eg. Montgomery Bus Boycott
there was a consensus between the north and the south that this was horrific

22
Q

lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961

what happened?

A

1960: 4 black college students in North Carolina sat in a woolworths cafeteria when they were refused service they refused to leave. other students occupied the seats on rotation

23
Q

lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961

students setup the

A

SNCC (Student non violent coordinating centre) which organised grassroots activism
eg. they drove around to register black voters in the mississippi delta

24
Q

lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961

impact

A
  • inspired 70,0000 students to participate in sit ins across the south
  • woolworths was losing money so it desegreagted the lunch counters in the south
25
Q

lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961

key individuals

A
  • david richmond
  • franklin mccain
  • ezell blair
  • joseph mcneil
26
Q

Little Rock crisis 1957

what happened?

A

9 black american students tried to enter little rock high school after the brown v. board ruling in 1954.
- Orval Faubus ordered the national guard to ‘preserve the peace’ (but really to keep the students from entering)
- Eisenhower politically sent troops to ‘protect’ them
- the students suffered violent attacks in the school

27
Q

Little Rock crisis 1957

impact

A
  • images of black children being spat on by white adults gained national sympathy
  • little rock intergrated by 1960 others by 1972
28
Q

montgomery bus boycott 1955-1956

impact

A

NAACP organised a boycott for the day of her trial, followed by a year long boycott
- MLK lead the protest, and 50,000 black people participated
- NAACP won legal victory in supreme court ruling against segregated buses in the Bowder v. Gale 1956 ruling
- attracted favourable national attention

29
Q

Birmingham campaign 1963

what happened

A

the SCLC staged a campaign in Alabama soughting desgregation of public facilities. It involved marches, lunch counter sit ins, mass meetings, and boycotts.
Publicity exposed southern bigotry.

king persuaded 100s of black school students to participate

30
Q

Birmingham campaign 1963

key individuals

A

Eugene Bull Connor’s dog’s attacked protestors and MLK was jailed

31
Q

Birmingham campaign 1963

impact

A

helped persuade kennedy to promote the civil rights act 1964
- publicity exposed southern bigotry

32
Q

march on washington 1963

What happened?

A

250,000 marchers
- A. Phillip Randolph sought to encourage government to increase black employment opportunities
- the speakers stood in front of Lincolns memorial - reminded the nation of the CRMs’s moral high ground.

33
Q

March on Washington 1963

Impact

A

CRM presented as strong and united
- potentially contributed to the civil rights act 1964

History Paper 2 (12 decks)

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