1 Civil Rights movement Flashcards
why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?
migration
black migration to the north encouraged democrats/republiicans to solicit African american supporters.
- 65000 indians left their reservations to work in wartime industries/armed forces
- employers also encouraged women to work outside the home.
why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?
1942 Executive order 9066
110,000 people of japanese descent taken to internment camps as they were deemed a threat to national security
why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?
zoo riots 1943
- white servicemen attacked hispanic teenagers
why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?
1948 Executive Order 9981
- ‘equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country’s defence, without regard to race, colour, religion or natural origin’
Truman
why was world war 2 a catalyst for the civil rights movement?
roosevelt banned..
discrimination in defence industries
Jim crow south
sharecropping
a % of crop yield would go to the landlord. Trapped usually black people on poor land
Jim Crow South
factories employed
white people
Jim Crow South
civil rights act 1875
- equal treatment in public accomodation
Jim Crow South
andrew johnson
enacted redconstruction law which ordered alll land under federal control be returned to its previous owners after ‘forty acres and a mule’ plan
new orleans
new orleans
- jim crow laws enforced segregation post-war in hopes of returning to pre-war white supremacy
- but new orleans was increasingly diverse
- part of the triangular trade route
- segregation in public voting
‘leaving the south’
by law african americans denied
access to schools and hospitals
‘leaving the south’
white people could even
kill black people with little fear of being imprisoned
‘leaving the south’
black people could not
obtain education or work at risk of angry white people who wanted to keep them out of these fields through violence
- opportunities in the north grew because of world war 2.
1954 Brown v. Board
what happened
- linda brown lived extremely far from her all black school, which she was required to attend
- she was not allowed to attend the all white school which was much closer
- her father took it to court with the lawyer Thurgood Marshall
- justices ruled 9-0 vote and decided segregational laws were unconstitutional, violated the 11th amendment.
1954 Brown v. Board
impact
changes in education access across the country
NAACP (throughout)
aimed to
rule jim crow laws unconstitutional
NAACP (throughout)
local branches initiated
protest against the segregated public places. eg. lunch counters, theatres.
NAACP (throughout)
key individuals
- W.E.B Dubois
- Mary White ovington
NAACP (throughout)
what did they find
inequalities in educational and law courts
Murder of Emmett Till 1955
what happend
- 14 year old boy was abducted, tortured in mississippi after alegedly offending a white lady
- Bryant Milan found not guilty of his murder by an ALL WHITE JURY
Murder of Emmett Till 1955
impact
seen as a catalyst for the next phase of the civil rights movement. eg. Montgomery Bus Boycott
there was a consensus between the north and the south that this was horrific
lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961
what happened?
1960: 4 black college students in North Carolina sat in a woolworths cafeteria when they were refused service they refused to leave. other students occupied the seats on rotation
lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961
students setup the
SNCC (Student non violent coordinating centre) which organised grassroots activism
eg. they drove around to register black voters in the mississippi delta
lunch counter sit ins 1960-1961
impact
- inspired 70,0000 students to participate in sit ins across the south
- woolworths was losing money so it desegreagted the lunch counters in the south
