1. Cardiac Deterioration

Question 1

What is creatinine kinase (ck)?

Answer 1

An enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types - decreases more rapidly than troponin

Question 2

Creatinine kinase: normal levels (male and female)

Answer 2

Male: 38 - 174, Female: 96 - 140

Question 3

Creatinine kinase: onset

Answer 3

4 - 6 hours

Question 4

Creatinine kinase: peaks

Answer 4

12 - 24 hours

Question 5

Creatinine kinase: duration

Answer 5

3 - 5 days

Question 6

Troponin (cTn): normal levels

Answer 6

undetectable

Question 7

Troponin: onset

Answer 7

4 - 6 hours

Question 8

Troponin: peaks

Answer 8

12 - 16 hours

Question 9

Troponin: duration

Answer 9

up to 14 days

Question 10

Sodium: normal values

Answer 10

134 - 145

Question 11

Potassium: normal values

Answer 11

3.5 - 4.5 (potassium increases cardiac contraction)

Question 12

Chloride: normal values

Answer 12

96 - 106

Question 13

Glucose: normal values

Answer 13

4 - 6 mmol/L

Question 14

Urea: normal values

Answer 14

2.5 - 7

Question 15

Creatinine: normal values

Answer 15

0.5 - 1.2

Question 16

What does MONA stand for?

Answer 16

Morphine, oxygen, nitrate, aspirin

Question 17

What does the P wave represent?

Answer 17

(AF) atrial depolarisation

Question 18

The QRS complex represents?

Answer 18

Contraction

Question 19

The T wave represents?

Answer 19

Ventricular repolarisation

Question 20

When diagnosing ECGs, what are the 3 questions to ask?

Answer 20

1. Is there a P wave?
2. Is it fast or slow?
3. Is it regular or irregular?