1. Carbohydrates Flashcards
An individual sugar molecule is called a…
monosaccharide
Name a structural polysaccharide
Cellulose (plant cell walls)
What happens during hydrolysis
A water molecule is taken in to break down a chain of molecules.
Polysaccharides are large. This means that they are…
insoluble (will not dissolve)
Identify the monosaccharide
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/921/q_image_thumb.png?1437406944)
Galactose
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/921/a_image_thumb.png?1437407016)
When many monosaccharides join together, they form a…
polysaccharide
Which elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
When 2 monosaccharides join together, they form a…
disaccharide
What happens during a condensation reaction?
A water molecule is released from the reacting molecules
How many covalent bonds does carbon make?
4
Which type of reaction takes place when two monosaccharides join together?
Condensation Reaction
Identify the monosaccharide
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/929/q_image_thumb.png?1437406875)
α-Glucose
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/929/a_image_thumb.png?1437406992)
A 3 carbon sugar is called a…
triose
A 6 carbon sugar is called a…
hexose
Name the bond that forms between two monosaccharides
Glycosidic bond
An individual biological molecule is called a…
monomer
Which type of reaction takes place when a disaccharide or polysaccharide is broken down?
Hydrolysis
Identify the monosaccharide
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/939/q_image_thumb.png?1437406975)
Fructose
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/939/a_image_thumb.png?1437407025)
Name 3 common disaccharides
Maltose (glucose + glucose)
Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
What is an isomer?
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but whose molecules are arranged differently.
Long chains of repeating molecules are called…
polymers
Glucose + Fructose –> _________
Glucose + Fructose –> Sucrose
The general chemical formula of a monosaccharide is…
(CH2O)nwhere n is the number of carbon atoms.
Glucose + Glucose –> _________
Glucose + Glucose –> Maltose
Identify the monosaccharide
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/949/q_image_thumb.png?1437406906)
β-Glucose
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/949/a_image_thumb.png?1437407002)
A 7 carbon sugar is called a…
heptose
Name the type of monosaccharide
Give its formula
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/952/q_image_thumb.png?1437406507)
Heptose
(CH2O)7
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/952/a_image_thumb.png?1437406568)
A molecule containing carbon is called an…
organic molecule
Name 4 common hexose monomers
α-Glucose
β-Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Name 2 common storage polysaccharides
Glycogen
Starch
Name the type of monosaccharide
Give its formula
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/956/q_image_thumb.png?1437406334)
Triose
(CH2O)3
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/412/214/956/a_image_thumb.png?1437406529)
Which 4 elements make up most biological molecules?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Glucose + Galactose –> _________
Glucose + Galactose –> Lactose
Polysaccharides are used in cells for _____________ and ____________
Storage (energy)
Structure (cell walls)
name the monomer that makes up maltose
glucose
sucrose hydrolysis produces..
fructose and glucose
How is the structure of cellulose suited to its function?
Long, straight/unbranched chains of β glucose
Joined by hydrogen bonding
To form (micro/macro)fibrils;
Provides rigidity/strength;
What other enzyme is required for the complete digestion of starch?
amylase and maltase
Give 2 differences between the structure of cellulose and glycogen
cellulose moleculesstraightchains; glycogen branched
cellulose beta glucose; glycogen alpha glucose
celluose molecules straight chains; glycogen coiled
celluose has only 1, 4 glycosidic bonds; glycogen has 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
Describe and explain 2 features of starch that makes it a good storage molecule
coiled/helical making it compact
insoluble so does not affect the WP of cells
LArge so cant cross the cell membrane
Branched so more ends for enzyme action
What bonds do amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and cellulose contain? numbers included
Amylose - 1-4 Alpha
Amylopectin - 1-4 and 1-6 Alpha
Glycogen - 1-4 and 1-6 Alpha
Cellulose - 1-4 beta