1. Canal Configuration

Question 1

Maxillary Anteriors

Answer 1

Green 1956 - 1 canal always

Pineda/Kuttler 1972 - 1 canal always

Curvatures

Slowey 1979 - Max Lat curves to L, max canine to buccal

Chohayeb 1984 - Max lat dilac DB 52%

Mizutani 1992 Central/Canines - DB curv. Lateral DL.

Question 2

Maxillary Premolars

Answer 2

3 Rooted Max Premolar

Vertucci clearing 5% vs 1% (1st vs 2nd PM)

Carnes 6%

Hartwell/Bellizzi retro 3% vs 1% (1st vs 2nd PM)

Sieraski review 5-6% vs 1% (1st vs 2nd PM)

Sabala 1994 Rg 3-rooted max premolar always bilateral. (Unusual anat bilateral 60%.)

Others

Vertucci 1984 - Max 1st premolar 62% [2-1]

Tamse 2000 Max 1st PM buccal rt palatal groove (furcation groove) 97%

Deutsch 2005 Max PM 7mm to chamber. 3 mm chamber height. 2 mm to furc.

Question 3

Maxillary Molars

Answer 3

Location of MB2

Kulild/Peters || Hartwell/Bellizzi

Mesial to imaginary line between MB1 and palatal orifice

About 2-3mm palatal to MB1 orifice

Palatal root curves to B

Slowey 1979

Bone/Moule 1986

4-Rooted Maxillary Molars

Fogel/Peikoff/Christie 1991 retro Overall 0.4%. 2nd molar 1.4%

C shaped max 1st molar

Yilmaz 2006 report

Question 4

Mandibular Anteriors

Answer 4

Pecora 1993 cleaing Mandibular canine 2 rooted 2%, 1 rooted 2 canals 5% (2-1), 1% (2-2).

Question 5

Mandibular Premolars

Answer 5

Trope/Tronstad 1986 clin Black vs White 3x two-rooted Md 2/P

Sabala 1994 Rg 1/PM bifurcates 23% (60% bilat).

Gu/Zhang 2013 CBCT Tome’s trait = DEEP radicular groove 18% Chinese (<10% white, >25% blck). Greater % non 1-1 config.

Baisden 1992 vitro C-shaped mand 1/PM 14%

Martins 2017 CBCT C-shaped 1/PM 2.3% vs 2/PM 0.6%

Question 6

Mandibular Molars

Answer 6

Senia/Cunningham 1992 Canal curv B>L. M canals 50% join.

Middle Mesial in Mand Molars

Pomeranz 1981 clin 12% (2% separate) mand 1+2/m

Baugh/Wallace 2004 clin 1-15%

Tahmasbi 2017 cbct True MM 16% (26% 1/M, 8% 2/M), isthmus 65%. 2% separate exit

C-shaped Canals in Mand 2nd Molars

###### Cooke/Cox 1979 retro 8%

Weine 1988 3%

Simon 1993 review Recommend PUI, 5% NaOCl, WV

###### Fan/Gutmann 2004 m-CBCT

I C. II semicolon. III 2-3 canals. IV 1 canal. V none.

Jafarazdeh 2007 review 3-8%. Chinese, Lebanese

Gutmann/Amoroso-Silva 2015 microCT 3%-15% Brazilian

von Zuben 2017 cbct World-wide prevalence 14% (China 44%)

Radix in Mand Molars

Calberson – 1-5% (AA, Indian), 5-30% (Chinese, Eskimo, AI)

Radix Entomolaris: DL; Radix Paramolaris: MB

Wu 2017 cbct Prevalence of complex anatomy in mand 1st PM correl with presence of DL radix in mand 1st M (both at ~25%) in Taiwanese pop