1. Biological Molecules - Proteins Flashcards
What are 2 examples of amino acids?
L-Histidine and L-Isoleucine
Describe the structure of an amino acid?
-Carboxyl group COOH
-Amino group NH2
-Different R groups
How are peptide bonds formed?
Due to a condensation reaction, where the carboxyl group of one amino acid joins to the amino group of another amino acid.
What chemical property does a polar R group have?
Hydrophilic
What chemical property does a non-polar R group have?
Hydrophobic
What chemical property does a positively charged R group have?
Hydrophilic
What chemical property does a negatively charged R group have?
Hydrophilic
What are the typical secondary structures?
α-helices and β-pleated sheets
How do secondary structures form?
As a result of hydrogen bonding between carboxyl and amino residues
How do tertiary structures fold into their complex, specific shapes?
Due to intermolecular forces between different types of bonds in R groups
What are the 4 different kinds of bonds which create intermolecular forces to hold together tertiary structures?
-Hydrogen bonds
-Ionic forces
-Disulfide bridges
-London forces
What do hydrogen bonds form between?
Polar R groups
What do ionic forces form between?
Positive and negative R groups
What are disulfide bridges?
Covalent bonds between cysteine R groups
What do London forces form between?
Non-polar R groups