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biological foundations of psychology > (1) Biological Foundations of Psychology > Flashcards

(1) Biological Foundations of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

The hippocampus (memory) is larger in…

A

women

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2
Q

the amygdala (emotion) is larger in…

A

men

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3
Q

Biological mechanisms and processes underpin all…

A

behaviour

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4
Q

What are the 4 levels of analysis?

A
  1. Social interaction – brain responses
  2. Gross anatomy of the brain
  3. Single neuron activity
  4. Molecular properties
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5
Q

What are Prokaryotes?

A

(mainly bacteria) not internal membrane-bound structures (PRO before)

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6
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

(higher plant and animal cells) Internal membrane-bound structures (EU truly)

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7
Q

What is a plasma membrane?

A

The boundary between the cell and its environment

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8
Q

What does a plasma membrane do?

A

Maintains homeostasis (GO: good stuff, nutrients, STOP: bad stuff, waste)

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9
Q

What is Selective permeability?

A

the plasma membrane allows some molecules into the cell and keeps some out

  • Some molecules can cross the plasma membrane (water)
  • Others must go through channels (Sodium NA, Calcium Ca)
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10
Q

Are Fatty acid tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic

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11
Q

Are Phosphate heads hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

hydrophilic

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the Nucleus?

A
  • The leader of the cell

- Gives directions for the making of the proteins

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13
Q

What is the chromatin?

A
  • The master set of directions is in chromatin

- During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

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14
Q

What is inside the nucleus and what does it do?

A

Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus

-Makes ribosomes

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15
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

-Ribosomes are sites where proteins are made, according to instructions from DNA

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16
Q

What is a gene?

A

a molecular unit of heredity, a region of DNA that codes for a unit of inheritance (polypeptide: short chain of amino acids)

17
Q

What are proteins?

A

one of more biologically functional polypeptide

18
Q

Proteins are synthesised from a ‘menu’ of…

A

20 amino acids

19
Q

The amino acids must be put together in the…

A

correct sequence, in order to be synthesised (DNA)

20
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Small molecules bases around a carbon chain with an amino group and a carboxyl group

21
Q

How many nucleotide bases do DNA have?

A

4

22
Q

What does adenine pair with?

A

Adenine and thymine pair together like a lock and key

23
Q

What does guanine pair with?

A

Guanine and cytosine pair together due to their complementary shapes

24
Q

Where is DNA?

A

in the nucleus

25
Q

RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways:

A
  1. RNA is single stranded
  2. The sugar in RNA is Ribose instead of deoxyribose
  3. RNA has uracil instead of thymine
26
Q

What are the three RNAs?

A

messenger, ribosomal and transfer

27
Q

What does Messenger RNA (mRNA) do?

A
  • brings messages from the DNA to the cytoplasm

- Carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code ‘words’ -> amino acids

28
Q

What does Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) do?

A
  • helps ribosomes connect to mRNA

- Associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes

29
Q

What does Transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

A
  • transports the amino acids to the ribosomes

- Is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA

30
Q

The genes in DNA encode…

A

protein molecules, which are the “workhorses” of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life

31
Q

What is Transcription?

A

The information in DNA is transferred to a mRNA molecule by way of a process
-DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary

32
Q

What is Translation?

A

mRNA is ‘read’ according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins

33
Q

-A complete DNA molecule is called a

A

chromosome

34
Q

What is Rett Syndrome?

A

a genetic disorder that causes mental retardation and impairs movement

35
Q

What is the MECP2 gene?

A

the gene lies on the X chromosome – females with a faulty copy usually have a normal version too, males with a mutated MECP2 gene do not usually survive beyond infancy

biological foundations of psychology (11 decks)

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