1/6 Flashcards
what pathology - forefoot adductus, hindfoot varus, and ankle equinus
Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) congenital deformity (environmental and genetic)
what pathology - ankle in excessive dorsiflexion, forefoot is curved out laterally, hindfoot is in valgus.
Calcaneovalgus
intrauterine “packaging” deformity
what pathology - hindfoot is in valgus, forefoot is in varus
Metatarsus adductus
intrauterine “packaging” deformity
what pathology - Patient with history of lumbar and thoracic pain reports a new onset of night pain, urinary incontinence, and severe abdominal pain after a recent fall from a roof.
Red flag, Cauda equina
what can cause a hypoglycemic reaction? what are the symptoms?
An increase in insulin will cause a decrease in blood glucose levels
pallor, increased perspiration, tachycardia, weakness, shakiness, and blurred vision.
symptoms of elevated epinephrine
increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, and hyperglycemia.
causes an increase in the sympathetic response (“fight or flight”).
what pathology - stocking glove sensory defecit distribution
diabetes- distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathies
autoimmune disease - guillain barre, lupus, RA
vitamin D deficiency
patient has compensated rearfoot (or forefoot) varus deformity - how does foot compensate during midstance to toe off?
Excessive foot pronation
compensated forefoot valgus deformity would result in what foot motion during midstance?
excessive foot supination
Uncompensated pes cavus and lateral (external) rotation of the tibia would result in what foot motion during midstance?
excessive foot supination
what motion and position to avoid post cervical fusion?
avoid bending and twisting the neck
may occur when placing the patient in prone position.
What are symptoms of R ventricular heart failure?
Blood backup in systemic venous circulation
Edema systematically- jugular venous distention, ascites, bilateral pedal edema
What are symptoms of L ventricular heart failure?
Blood backup in pulmonary system Decreased cardiac output Dry cough or wheezing Tachycardia Light-headedness Pallor or cyanosis
surgery for vertebral compression fracture (common vertebral body, in patient with osteoporosis)
vertebroplasty
what situations may surgical intervention - laminectomy and/or spinal fusion be appropriate for?
face joint arthritis (degenerative changes to facets)
vertebral compression fracture (common vertebral body, in patient with osteoporosis)
spinal cord compression due to bone spurs, herniated disc
what does posterior pituitary gland control release of?
oxytocin
ADH antidiuretic hormone
what does anterior pituitary gland control release of?
prolactin growth hormone FSH follicle stimulating hormone LH luteinizing hormone ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
what does adrenal cortex control release of?
glucocorticoids
mineral corticosteroids
androstenedione
adrenal androgens
what does thyroid control release of ?
T3 triiodothyronine
T4 thyroxine
what directions do MCL runs? Significance?
oblique anteriorly and inferiorly
taut in extension
prevents ER
provides stability against valgus force
what directions to LCL run?
oblique posterior and inferiorly
what directions do ACL run?
oblique superior and lateral
what directions do PCL run?
oblique medially and anteriorly-superiorly
