1-6 Flashcards
population
large group including all potential subjects
large group including all potential subjects
population
sample
small subgroup of subjects chosen from the population
small subgroup of subjects chosen from the population
sample
What are the types of sampling?
random, convenience, nonrandom
random
a sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen
a sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen
random
convenience
??
e.g., college students
??
e.g., college students
convenience
nonrandom
a sample from a specialized population (e.g., college students)
a sample from a specialized population (e.g., college students)
nonrandom
When a study is conducted on the internet, why is the sample nonrandom?
because the participants are people who have access too, and know how to use, a computer
similar to traditional research (flyers, on the news) because it’s doing the same thing, focusing on a single population
How does voluntary participation affect the external validity of the study?
participants must voluntarily join the study. Because of this the sample doesn’t necessarily represent the population.
What factors affect people’s decision to volunteer?
participant-related characteristics (not wanting to answer questions because of your personality)
situational factors (not wanting to join study because of what it might do i.e. cause stress or aversiveness)
How do we reduce volunteer bias?
be aware of it and take it into account
active deception
misrepresentation of the purpose of the research
falsify any part of the study
passive deception
unrecognized conditioning
concealed observation
use of projective techniques
unrecognized participant observationq
What are the problems with deception?
participants may react differently
participants may feel “duped”
participants may find something negative about themselves
may violate requirements of informed consent
What are solutions to deception?
role playing: full informed participants are asked to act as though they were exposed to an experimental treatment
debriefing: inform participants of deception after participation
Animals as research subjects
advantages: can use procedures on animals that you can’t use on humans, allow greater control over environmental conditions,
disadvantages: might not allows generalize to humans,
Computer simulations
pros: none?
cons: hard to know where to begin, doesn’t translate well to biological creatures
