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PSY 3500 > 1-5 > Flashcards

1-5 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What factors help you choose variables for your study?

A

research tradition (variables used in other studies)

theory (a theory you are referring too might give you ideas of variables)

availability of new techniques (fMRI, PET scans)

availability of equipment (variables are limited to the resources you have)

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2
Q

reliability

A

a measures ability to produce similar results when repeated measurements are made under identical conditions

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3
Q

a measures ability to produce similar results when repeated measurements are made under identical conditions

A

reliability

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4
Q

Why is it a good idea to use measures that are already established?

A

Reliability is known

Validity is known

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5
Q

What are the different types of reliability?

A

interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and parallel forms of reliability

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6
Q

interrater reliability

A

used to establish the degree of agreement among observers when the measures involve making judgments or ratings

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7
Q

used to establish the degree of agreement among observers when the measures involve making judgments or ratings

A

interrater reliability

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8
Q

test-retest reliability

A

administering the same test twice, separated by a relatively long interval of time

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9
Q

administering the same test twice, separated by a relatively long interval of time

A

test-retest reliability

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10
Q

split-half reliability

A

one test is given at one point in time, then the test is split (looking at odds vs evens)

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11
Q

one test is given at one point in time, then the test is split (looking at odds vs evens)

A

split-half reliability

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12
Q

parallel forms

A

two different forms of the same test (one given at tie point a, the second form given at time point b)

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13
Q

two different forms of the same test (one given at tie point a, the second form given at time point b)

A

parallel forms

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14
Q

validity

A

the extent to which a measure assesses what you intend it to measure

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15
Q

the extent to which a measure assesses what you intend it to measure

A

validity

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16
Q

What are the types of validity?

A

face, content, criterion-related, construct

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17
Q

face validity

A

how well a measurement instrument “appears” to measure it was designed to measure

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18
Q

how well a measurement instrument “appears” to measure it was designed to measure

A

face validity

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19
Q

content validity

A

how adequately the content of a test samples the knowledge, skills, or behaviors that the test is intended to measure

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20
Q

how adequately the content of a test samples the knowledge, skills, or behaviors that the test is intended to measure

A

content validity

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21
Q

criterion-related validity

A

how adequately a test score can be used to infer and individual’s value on some”criterion” measures

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22
Q

how adequately a test score can be used to infer and individual’s value on some”criterion” measures

A

criterion-related validity

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23
Q

concurrent validity

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A

when the scores on your test and the criterion are collected at about the same time

24
Q

when the scores on your test and the criterion are collected at about the same time

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A

concurrent validity

25
predictive validity
comparing the scores on a test with the value of a criterion measure observed at a later time
26
comparing the scores on a test with the value of a criterion measure observed at a later time
predictive validity
27
construct validity
determined by whether those who score high or low on the measure behave as predicted by theory
28
determined by whether those who score high or low on the measure behave as predicted by theory
construct validity
29
What are the scales of measurement?
nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio scale
30
nominal
values differ in quality and not quantity
31
values differ in quality and not quantity
nominal
32
ordinal
rank ordering of categories
33
rank ordering of categories
ordinal
34
interval
spacing between values along the scale are known, but zero point is arbitrary
35
spacing between values along the scale are known, but zero point is arbitrary
interval
36
ratio scale
spacing between values along the scale are known, but has a zero point
37
spacing between values along the scale are known, but has a zero point
ratio scale
38
What are the range effects?
ceiling: when the variable reaches its highest possible value and floor: when the variable reaches its lowest possible value
39
What are the types of dependent variables (DV)?
behavioral measures, physiological measures, self-report measures, implicit measures
40
behavioral measures
record actual behavior of subjects may not help you find the cause for the behavior
41
record actual behavior of subjects
behavioral measures
42
physiological measures
physical measure of body function (e.g. EEG)
43
physical measure of body function (e.g. EEG)
physiological measures
44
self-report measures
participants report on their own behavior or state of mind fake-good (say you've never taken drugs to look good) fake-bad (say symptoms are worse to get Rx)
45
participants report on their own behavior or state of mind
self-report measures
46
implicit measures
measures responses that are not under direct conscious control
47
measures responses that are not under direct conscious control
implicit measures
48
reactivity
participants' behavior changes because they are in a study
49
participants' behavior changes because they are in a study
reactivity
50
What are demand characteristics?
cues provided by the researcher and the research context that give participants information about a study these can negatively affect the study
51
experimenter bias
when the behavior of the researcher influences the results of a study two sources: expectancy effects and treating the groups differently
52
How do we avoid experimenter bias?
double-blind technique blind-technique automate the experiment (use computer to generate randomness)
53
pilot study
a small-scale version of a study used to establish procedures, materials, and parameters to be used in the full study can help find what's wrong with the study before starting it
54
a small-scale version of a study used to establish procedures, materials, and parameters to be used in the full study
pilot study
55
manipulation checks
measures to assess the success of your independent variables advantages: provide info that can help to interpret the results
56
measures to assess the success of your independent variables
manipulation checks

PSY 3500 (15 decks)

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