1-3 meninges, ventricles, & blood supply

Question 1

meninges

Answer 1

protection & nourishment of the brain

hold structures in place during movement
mechanical suspension
flotation (CSF)

support & separation for structures

Question 2

dura mater

Answer 2

tough, fibrous white layer

closest to the skull

2 layers - periosteal & meningeal

Question 3

falx cerebri

Answer 3

dural reflection penetrating the cerebral hemispheres

Question 4

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 4

dural reflection between the occipital lobe & cerebellum

Question 5

dural sinus

Answer 5

layers separate & form a channel where cerebral veins can empty

no epidural space - meningeal artery can tear & create epidural bleed (hematoma)

nor subdural space - venous sinus can tear & create subdural bleed (hematoma)
vein can’t empty into sinus because it’s
tearing, floods brain w/ blood

Question 6

arachnoid

Answer 6

tough but filmy & translucent

closely abuts the dura - no subdural space

separated from pia by subarachnoid space

Question 7

subarachnoid space

Answer 7

space under arachnoid layer

external arteries & veins run through here - can rupture & cause subarachnoid bleed

Question 8

arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 8

spider web looking stuff in subarachnoid space

contains CSF

contributes to maintenance of subarachoid space

Question 9

arachnoid villi

Answer 9

protrusions that poke through the dura into the sinuses where CSF is dumped into venous sinus

Question 10

pia

Answer 10

very thin & fragile

directly apposed to neural tissue in most places

bottom part of arachnoid

contributes to maintenance of subarachoid space

Question 11

bacterial meningitis

Answer 11

infection & inflammation of the meninges layers themselves

Question 12

lateral ventricle

Answer 12

2 lateral ventricles

c-shaped structures

CSF flows from lateral to 3rd through the intraventricular foramen

Question 13

3rd ventricle

Answer 13

cavity of 3rd ventricle becomes cerebral aqueduct

connects 3rd & 4th ventricles

Question 14

4th ventricle

Answer 14

3 openings to subarachnoid space

Question 15

cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 15

clear colorless liquid

produced by choroid plexus

circulates from ventricles into subarachnoid space

active transport of materials & removal of harmful & waste substances

Question 16

choroid plexus

Answer 16

lines lateral & 4th ventricle

produces CSF

located in the center of the lateral & 4th ventricles

Question 17

CSF circulation

Answer 17

subarachnoid space wraps around entire CNS

CSF collects in cisterns at the base of the skull

CSF is absorbed through araachnoid villi (one way openings

these structures protrudeinto the dural sinus & empty CSF into superior sagittal sinus

Question 18

hydrocephalus

Answer 18

“water filled head”

abnormal enlargement of ventricles

increased pressure compresses brain tissue

Question 19

external carotid

Answer 19

supplies blood to facial muscles, forehead, oral & nasal cavities

Question 20

internal corotid

Answer 20

internal structures of the brain

carotid joins the circle of willis & divides to form 2 cortical arteries
- anterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral artery

Question 21

anterior cerebral

Answer 21

enters the longitudinal fissure

supplies blood to the corpus callosum,, medial aspects of frontal & parietal lobes

2 ACAs connected by anterior commnicating artery

disruption causes:
paralysis to legs & feet
cognitive impairment

Question 22

middle cerebral

Answer 22

lateral into the lateral sulcus

supplies blood to insula & most of the lateral aspect of the hemispheres

supplies to the pre & post central gyri

disruption causes:
major motor & somatosensory deficits
left hemisphere = language deficits

Question 23

vertebral arteries

Answer 23

fuse at the junction between medulla & pons to form Basilar A

3 pre-terminal brances

PICA

Question 24

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 24

supplies blood to inferior cerebellum

Question 25

basilar artery

Answer 25

AICA
superior cerebellar artery
posterior cerebral artery

Question 26

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 26

anterior portions of the cerebellum

part of pons

Question 27

superior cerebellar artery

Answer 27

superior surface of cerebellum & caudal midbrain & pons

Question 28

posterior cerebral artery

Answer 28

connected to ICA by posterior communicating artery

Question 29

posterior cerebral artery

Answer 29

supplies to anterior & inferior temporal lobe, inferior temporal gyri, medial occiptal lobe

disruption results in homonymous hemiaopsia (visual field cut)

Question 30

ischemic stroke

Answer 30

restriction of blood supply

thrombus - stationary blood clot formed within a vessel

embolus - blood clot or plaque traveling through blood stream

Question 31

transient ischemic attack

Answer 31

ministroke - so brief you often don’t know about it

temporary disruption of blood supply

caused by thrombi or emboli which are broken down by normal body mechanisms

Question 32

aneurysm

Answer 32

balloon like swellings of arterial walls

can cause pressure on brain

can rupture leading to hemorrhagic stroke

Question 33

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 33

bleeding of ruptured vessels

weakened artery ruptures under pressure

Question 34

arteriovenous malformation

Answer 34

tangled dilated arteries become connected in a local area

w/ age - become large & susceptible to hemorrhage

Question 35

blood brain barrier