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biochem 2288 > 1 & 2 > Flashcards

1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

major types of bio polymers

A

polysacc
lipid bylyaer (w/ noncov interactions)
protein
nucleic acid

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2
Q

major class of biomolec

A

carb
lipids
ama
nucletodies

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3
Q

first & second law of thermodynamics

A

1st: energy is consergved- neither created or destroyed
2nd: in spontanenous reaction, convert order to disorder

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4
Q

what is enthalpy? delta enthalpy?

A

heat content of system. a change in syst’s heat content.

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5
Q

what is entropy? gibbs gree energy?

A

disorder of systenm. a change in gibbs’ free energy determine if rxn is spontanous, not just delta S.

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6
Q

endothermic vs exothermic.

A

(+) delta H. process absorbs heat from the surrroundigns.
(-) delta h. process release heat from the surroundings.

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7
Q

forward vs reverse rxn

A

entropy decrease. negative delta S.
entropy <. postiive delta S.

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8
Q

when is a reaction spontaneous or not?

A

when delta G is negative, spontaneous and exergonic.
when delta is positive, nonspon, endergonic.

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9
Q

what is central dogma?

A

central dogma said that DNA contains info to synthesize protein.

DNA (replicate) -> to RNA, transcription -> to protein, translation

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10
Q

describe the water structure

A

O covalently bonded to 2 H, leaving 2 unpaired e-.
AX2E2, tetrahedral geometry
is polar -> (-) to (+)

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11
Q

how is water cohesive and adhesive?

A

cohesive ‘ H bond. water atracts water, creating a high surface tension.
adhesive ‘ attracts other substances.

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12
Q

list variosu bonding mechanism.

A

ionic: btw charged particles
van der waal: btw polar, bt uncharged particles
– dip-dip: 2 strongly polar groups
– london dispersion: weaker, shift in e- cloud

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13
Q

interaction btw a dispersion medium, solvent, with a disperse solute

A

solvation

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14
Q

why is water the best dispersion medium?

A

can do H bond and electrostatic interactions.
has a high dielectric content = how much a solvent can diminish the elctrostatic interactions btw dissolved ions (water keeping apart NaCl)

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15
Q

exclusion of nonpolar substances from aq solution

A

hydrobobic effect.
has a strong attraction btw NP regions
e.g protein folding places hydrophobic am.a tucked inside

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16
Q

what happens when you mix oil and water?

A

hydrophobic molec prefer like moelc, driven by decrease entropy in water
when oil mix w/ hwater, water cages oil and np tails becomes fixed
=> entropy decrae, unfavorable rxn

17
Q

what is amphiphilic moelc>

A

can exp both hydropbic and hydrophic interaction
has a polar head that bonds with polar molec
and n[ tail tucked in

18
Q

lipid bilayer– in a cell membrane. has a ___ layers of phospholipid, ___, ________
are permeable to __ & __ only

A

double / glycolipid / fatty acids chain
O gas and CO2

19
Q

water dissociates into __ + ____ as described by the dissociation constant K

A

H+ , OH-
K= [H+][OH-] over H2O

20
Q

the ionisation constant of water is? how much at 25C?

A

Kw = K[H2O] = [H+] x [OH-]
at 25C Kw = 10 ^-14. so [H+] = [OH-] = 10^-7

21
Q

ph = log[OH-]. T or F?

A

F. bcs pH = -log [H+]

22
Q

acid __ proton while base ___ proton.
what if you have wka and H20 buffer?

CH3COOH + H20 -> ___ + ____

A

donates, accepts.
wka will donates proton to wate rbugger, creating H30+. (conja) (conjb)
AS DESCRIBED BY Ka (acid dissociation constant)

CH3COOH + H20 -> CH3COO- + H30+

23
Q

pk = -log Ka. Ka = 1o^-pK

A

T

24
Q

higher Ka? lower pK?

A

higher Ka, more likely to ionise acid and donate proton to water buffer
Lower pK, more deproton, stronger Acid

25
Q

Henderson Hasselbach method?

A

pH = pK + log A- (deproto) / HA (proto-0

26
Q

what is H bond?

A

typically form btw a h & N/S/O
e.g a water participates in 2 H bonds, 1 H-bond donor, 1 acceptor

27
Q

how to create a hydration shell?

A

[polar H20 faces oppositely charged ions

28
Q

glucose is not water soluble. T or F.

A

glucose is v H20-soluble. has 6 Os to H bond./

29
Q

what happen when crystalline substance dissociates?

A

bcs reverse rc, entropy < / positive delta S
spontaneous rxn, negatlve delta G.

30
Q

pH + pOH =
pH = & [H+] = 1

A

= 14.0
-log [H+]
10^-pH

biochem 2288 (8 decks)

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