1 Flashcards
Developed social learning theories (1924-1934) as a response to different psychological perspectives.
Emphasized the importance of social interaction and culture in developing higher-order thinking.
✓ Focuses on behavioral changes over time, including thought, language, and cognitive development.
✓ Initially applied to children but is relevant to learners of all ages.
✓ Influences educational methods and instructional design.
Lev Vygotsky
Learning is shaped by social interactions and cultural context.
A child’s family, friends, classmates, and cultural beliefs influence their education.
Knowledge is developed through engagement with society, not in isolation.
Socio-cultural development theory
is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance.
Learning happens when a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) helps the learner reach their potential.
Zone of proximal development
Refers to teachers, parents, peers, or experts who guide and support learning.
More knowledgeable others
Providing structured support to help a learner bridge the gap between known and unknown knowledge.
Scaffolding is gradually reduced as the learner gains independence.
Scaffolding
Jean Lave (1991): Learning occurs naturally within activity, context, and culture.
Social interaction is key—learners participate in a “community of practice.”
Situated learning
Beginners learn by gradually becoming more engaged in a community of practice.
- Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Lave & Wenger, 1991)
Learning is best achieved through authentic activities and collaborative social interactions.
- Cognitive Apprenticeship (Brown, Collins & Duguid, 1989)
Cognitive development progresses through stages rather than just accumulating experiences.
Jean piaget (1920)
Infants rapidly explore and gather information from their surroundings
Gibson
Introduced the metaphor of the mind as a computer that processes and solves problems.
Newell et al. (1958)
is the key to unlocking higher learning.
ZPD
The brain undergoes major neurological changes affecting emotions and decision-making.
Inconsistent behavior is common—some days they are affectionate, others withdrawn.
Teen brain development
Teachers must be patient and persistent when engaging teenagers.
Teens often misinterpret instructions, leading to miscommunication.
Teacher patience and Engagement
Neural pruning occurs around ages 12-14, reinforcing skills based on experiences.
Skills not used are lost, highlighting the importance of early engagement.
Environmental Influence on Brain Development
Short attention spans: Change activities every 20 minutes to maintain focus.
Using Music: Music can influence mood and engagement in learning.
Classroom Strategies for Engaging Teens
is the study of how adults learn best.
Andragogy
Malcom’s knowles’ five principles of androagogy
- Self-Directed Learning:
- Experience-Based Learning:
- Relevance to Current Roles:
- Problem-Centered Instruction:
- Motivation to Learn:
Adults take initiative in their learning.
Self directed learning
Background knowledge enhances understanding.
Experience-Based Learning
