1 Flashcards

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1
Q

abase

A

humiliate ; to lower in rank, status, or esteem

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2
Q

abdicate

A

(v.) to resign, formally give up an office or a duty; to disown, discard

With the angry mob clamoring outside the palace, the king finally abdicated his throne and fled

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3
Q

abate

A

to lessen

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4
Q

aberrant

A

abnormal or deviant

Given the aberrant nature of data, we came to doubt the validity of the entire experiment

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5
Q

abeyance

A

temporary suppression or suspension

matters were held in abeyance pending further inquiries

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6
Q

abjure

A

to renounce, repudiate under oath; to avoid, shun

I refuse to abjure my Catholic faith

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7
Q

abrasive

A

(adj.) causing irritation, harsh; grinding or wearing down; (n.) a substance used to smooth or polish

Her abrasive and arrogant personality won her few friends

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8
Q

abreast

A

Side-by-side.
The more common “abreast of” means keeping up with, staying aware of, or remaining equal in progress with.

The news helped people keep abreast of the olympic games

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9
Q

abscission

A

cutting off; separation

Leaf abscission in trees

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10
Q

abscond

A

to leave secretly

She absconded with the remaining thousand dollars

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11
Q

abstain

A

To not do something; refrain

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12
Q

abyss

A

an extremely deep hole

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13
Q

accede

A

to agree, to accept

The authorities did not accede to the strikers’ demands

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14
Q

accretion

A

growth in size or increase in amount

There was an accretion of ice on the car’s windshield

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15
Q

acerbic

A

bitter, sharp in taste or temper

his acerbic taste of humor

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16
Q

acidulous

A

sour or harsh in taste or manner

a gently acidulous writing style that never becomes annoying

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17
Q

acme

A

the highest point

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18
Q

admonish

A

(v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty

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19
Q

adulterate

A

to corrupt, make worse by the addition of something of lesser value

The company is accused of adulterating its products with cheap additives

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20
Q

adumbrate

A

to sketch out in a vague way

The coach adumbrated a game plan, but none of the players knew precisely what to do

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21
Q

adverse

A

Not helpful; harmful

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22
Q

aerie

A

a nest built high in the air; an elevated, often secluded, dwelling (요새)

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23
Q

affable

A

friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to

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24
Q

affectation

A

unnatural or artificial behavior, usually intended to impress

His French accent is just an affectation to impress others

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25
Q

aggrandize

A

(v.) to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater

He hoped to aggrandize himself by dying a hero’s death

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26
Q

alacrity

A

brisk and cheerful readiness

She accepted the invitation with alacrity

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27
Q

aloof

A

not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant

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28
Q

anoint

A

(v) rub or sprinkle oil on; make sacred, such as by ceremony that includes applying oil to someone

High priests were anointed with oil

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29
Q

antedate

A

Be older than, precede in time; assign to an earlier date

The Greeks were a civilization that antedated the Roman Empire.

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30
Q

apathy

A

a lack of feeling, emotion, or interest

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31
Q

antithetical

A

sharply contrasted in character or purpose

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32
Q

apocryphal

A

of doubtful authenticity

A apocryphal rumor surrounding the current president

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33
Q

apostate

A

one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions

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34
Q

apostle

A

leader or teacher of a new faith or movement

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35
Q

apposite

A

appropriate

His observations were apposite to the discussion

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36
Q

apprise

A

to inform

I apprised him of what had happened that night

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37
Q

approbation

A

approval or praise

The movie Parasite was met with high approbation from the critics

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38
Q

appropriate

A

to take possession of for one’s own use; confiscate

His images were appropriated by the advertisers

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39
Q

arbiter

A

a judge who decides a disputed issue

The military acted as arbiter of conflicts between two political groups

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40
Q

arcane

A

known or understood by only a few

Modern math has its arcane notations

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41
Q

archaic

A

ancient; old-fashioned

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42
Q

ardent

A

very enthusiastic, impassioned

His ardent passion in politics

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43
Q

arduous

A

hard to do, requiring much effort

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44
Q

arrogate

A

to claim or take with right

They arrogated to themselves the power to change the constitution

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45
Q

artless

A

without guile; open and honest

Her simple and artless charm won the public instantly

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46
Q

ascertain

A

to find out

An attempt to ascertain the cause of his death

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47
Q

ascetic

A

One who leads a life of self-denial and contemplation; absent of luxury (금욕주의자)

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48
Q

ascribe

A

to assign or refer to

The doctor ascribed the baby’s crying to her upset stomach

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49
Q

aseptic

A

free from disease-causing microorganisms

Patients with compromised immune system must be treated in aseptic environments

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50
Q

asperity

A

harshness of tone or manner

He pointed out my flaws with some asperity

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51
Q

aspersion

A

a damaging or derogatory statement

Fox news published an article which was intended to cast aspersion against the Democratic Party candidate

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52
Q

assail

A

attack

She was assailed by doubts and regrets

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53
Q

assiduous

A

diligent; showing great care, attention, and effort

She tended her garden with assiduous attention

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54
Q

assuage

A

to make something unpleasant less severe

The letters from home assuaged the fears of soldiers in the battlefield

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55
Q

attenuate

A

to weaken

The candidate’s confidence and public speaking skills attenuated the impact of some awkward facts in his speech

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56
Q

augment

A

to make larger, increase

He augmented his summer income by panting houses

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57
Q

augury

A

an omen or prophecy

The ancient Scandinavians used the stars as an augury of their fortunes

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58
Q

august

A

respected and impressive

We visited their august mansion with a large swimming pool and a vineyard

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59
Q

austere

A

stern or cold in appearance or manner; morally strict (엄격한)

He was feared amongst the chefs as an austere food critic

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60
Q

avarice

A

(n.) a greedy desire, particularly for wealth

He was rich beyond the dreams of avarice

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61
Q

aver

A

affirm or declare

The jury finally averred his innocence from the allegations

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62
Q

bilk

A

Cheat or defraud

Some businesses bilk thousands of dollars from unsuspecting elderly customers

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63
Q

blight

A

Disease that kills plants rapidly, or any cause of decay or destruction (noun); ruin or cause to wither (verb)

The scandal blighted the careers of several leading politicians

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64
Q

blithe

A

Joyous, merry; excessively carefree so as to ignore important concerns

The driver showed his blithe disregard for the rules of the road

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65
Q

bolster

A

Strengthen or support

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66
Q

bombastic

A

(Of speech or writing) far too showy or dramatic than is appropriate; pretentious

The candidate disappointed the audience with her bombastic speech full of pretentious fake promises that were unlikely to be met

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67
Q

bonhomie

A

Friendliness, open and simple good heartedness

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68
Q

boor

A

Rude, ill-mannered, or insensitive person; a peasant or country bumpkin

At last, the big obnoxious boor had been dealt a punishment for his uncouth and belligerent manner

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69
Q

brandish

A

Shake, wave as a weapon

The homeless man leaped out brandishing a knife

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70
Q

brook

A

Suffer or tolerate

Any husband of toxic masculinity would never brook any criticism from his wife or children

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71
Q

bucolic

A

Pertaining to shepherds; suggesting a peaceful and pleasant view of rural life

He lived a bucolic life as a gardener in Jeju shortly after his retirement

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72
Q

bureaucracy

A

Government characterized by many bureaus and petty administrators or by excessive, seemingly meaningless requirements (관료주의)

The unnecessary bureaucracy in local government has led to tax increase

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73
Q

burgeon

A

Grow or flourish rapidly; put forth buds or shoots (of a plant)

The city’s suburbs have burgeoned, sprawling out from the center

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74
Q

burnish

A

Polish, make smooth and lustrous; enhance or perfect

Lee is a man who took advantage of any opportunity to burnish his image.

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75
Q

buttress

A

Support or encourage (verb); a support or prop, esp. projecting from and supporting the wall of a building (noun)

The revolution and change in government authorities in Iran was buttressed by religious agenda

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76
Q

cacophony

A

Harsh, discordant, or meaningless mixture of sounds

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77
Q

calumny

A

Malicious lie intended to hurt someone’s reputation; the act of telling such lies

Korean media was tainted by calumny and fake news during the presidential election

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78
Q

canard

A

Rumor, a false or baseless story

… the old canard that LA is a cultural wasteland

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79
Q

canonical

A

Authorized, recognized; pertaining to the canon, or body of accepted rules, standards or artistic works

Traditionalist Catholics bitterly described the acts of terrorism as the destruction of sacred space and violation of canonical norms

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80
Q

capricious

A

Acting on impulse, erratic

Every balloon voyage is a race between capricious winds and the remaining fuel on board

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81
Q

cardinal

A

of the greatest importance; fundamental

My cardinal rule of expanding my breadth of vocabulary is being persistent.

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82
Q

castigate

A

Criticize severely; punish in order to correct

The judge castigated the lawyers for their lack of preparation.

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83
Q

catholic

A

Universal, broad-minded

He is a museum director known for his catholic tastes in art

84
Q

caustic

A

very critical or sarcastic; capable of corroding metal or burning the skin

It was his gift for satire and his caustic wit that distinguished his writings

85
Q

censure

A

Strong disapproval or official reprimand (noun); to issue such disapproval or reprimand (verb)

Saudi Arabia faced international censure for its alleged involvement in the assassination of a journalist.

86
Q

chauvinism

A

Fanatical patriotism or blind enthusiasm for military glory; undue or biased devotion to any group, cause, etc.

The outcome of the 2016 election indicated a nationalistic chauvinism rising in the United States.

87
Q

chicanery

A

Trickery, deception by knowingly false arguments

He wasn’t above using chicanery to win votes

88
Q

circumscribe

A

Strictly limit a role, range of activity, or area

The goal scorer circumscribed his enthusiasm so as to not make the losing side feel worse

89
Q

recalcitrant

A

obstinately defiant of authority or restraint; difficult to manage or operate

The law firm was lobbied by the Striker’s Union to help get the recalcitrant lawmakers get on board with the budget.

90
Q

conciliatory

A

Reconciling, appeasing, attempting to make the peace

While the conference call might have been seen as a conciliatory gesture, an olive branch to his critics after weeks of tension, the actual meeting seemed anything but

91
Q

condone

A

Overlook, tolerate, regard as harmless

Trump’s administration was often accused of condoning blatant racism

92
Q

confer

A

Consult, compare views; bestow or give

The cameleers conferred with each other about the safest path across the desert.

The British monarch continues to confer knighthood on those who are outstanding in their fields of endeavor.

93
Q

confound

A

Confuse, frustrate; mix up or make worse

The underdog team confounded all predictions and won the competition.

94
Q

connote

A

Suggest or imply in addition to the precise, literal meaning

Russian tanks on parade were painted with an orange and black stripe to connote nationalism

95
Q

constrict

A

Squeeze, compress; restrict the freedom of

Smoking constricts our blood vessels, thus leading to higher blood pressure

96
Q

construe

A

Interpret or translate

This article is meant for informational purposes only and should not construe any such information as investment advice

97
Q

contentious

A

Controversial; prone to causing arguments, especially gratuitous or petty ones

98
Q

contrite

A

Remorseful; feeling sorry for one’s offenses or sins

The Ford executives had hoped their efficient, well-publicized recall efforts and contrite approach to customers would enable them to put the tire crisis behind them

99
Q

gratuitous

A

uncalled for, lacking good reason; given or done for free

Washington Square park can sometimes be a place for gratuitous acts of violence.
Solicitors provide a form of gratuitous legal advice.

100
Q

contumacious

A

Rebellious; stubbornly disobedient

The judge eventually charged the contumacious witness with contempt of court

101
Q

conversant

A

knowledgeable or have experience with

Professor Zahran is apparently very conversant with the operating system of the computer

102
Q

convoke

A

to call together to a meeting

The assembly was convoked at midnight to handle the emergency

103
Q

convoluted

A

Twisted; very complicated

The convoluted plot left the audience puzzled

104
Q

copious

A

Plentiful, bountiful

The travelers are often welcomed with copious helpings of horse meet when they visit nomad tribes in Mongolia

105
Q

corroborate

A

Support, add evidence to

106
Q

cosmopolitan

A

including or containing people from many different countries; free from local or national prejudices or attachments

The immigration transformed New York City into a cosmopolitan metropolis

107
Q

cosset

A

Treat as a pet, pamper (indulge with attention and kindness)

The hotel cossets its guests with friendly service

108
Q

coterie

A

Close or exclusive group

Soho is home to a coteries of artists in North America

109
Q

countenance

A

Facial expression, mental composure (noun); approve or tolerate (verb)

At the age of forty, the actor still has a mildly mischievous countenance of a boy.
The United States has refused to countenance lowering the hurdles for medical care, insisting that a waiver cover only vaccines

110
Q

covert

A

secret, veiled, undercover

He has taken part in several covert military operations

111
Q

submerge

A

cause to be under water; completely cover or obscure

… houses had been flooded and cars submerged.
the tensions submerged earlier in the campaign now came to the fore.

112
Q

upend

A

set or turn (something) on its end or upside down

A rapidly changing climate upended the country’s plans for suburb development

113
Q

revere

A

to deeply respect

Abraham Lincoln’s speech is revered by many even to this day

114
Q

delineate

A

Mark the outline of; sketch; describe in detail

The challenge for black-hole cinema will be to delineate the underlying structure of the black hole from the matter that is moving around it

115
Q

demagogue

A

A leader who lies and gains power by arousing the passions and especially prejudices of the people

Before the US could help Haiti rebuild its ravaged democracy, it first had to remove a raving demagogue

116
Q

demur

A

Show reluctance, especially for moral reasons

Don’t hesitate to demur to the idea if you have any qualms

117
Q

denigrate

A

Belittle, attack the reputation of

Racists often denigrate the talents and achievements of the Asian people

118
Q

deride

A

Mock, scoff at, laugh at contemptuously

My parents derided our efforts, but were forced to eat their words when we won first place

119
Q

desiccate

A

Thoroughly dried up, dehydrated

The historian’s dryasdust prose desiccates what is actually an exciting period in European history

120
Q

desultory

A

Lacking consistency or order, disconnected, sporadic; going off topic

The Youtube comment section is often full of desultory remarks that are unrelated to the message of the video

121
Q

detached

A

Impartial, disinterested; unconcerned, distant, aloof

As an introvert, I am often a detached observer at my company parties, taking it all in and saying very little

122
Q

deterrent

A

Something that restrains or discourages

The panel evaluated Putin’s immediate and long-term objectives and discussed how deterrent measures might be enhanced

123
Q

diaphanous

A

Very sheer, fine, translucent

the bride wore a diaphanous veil

124
Q

diatribe

A

Bitter, abusive attack or criticism; rant

The journalist wrote a bitter diatribe about how unfair the health care system is

125
Q

dictum

A

Formal or authoritative pronouncement; saying or proverb

The Taliban dictum reversed an announcement - demanded by and promised to donor countries - just days earlier that all schools for girls would be open

126
Q

didactic

A

Intended to instruct; teaching, or teaching a moral lesson

The poet’s works became increasingly didactic after his religious conversion

127
Q

diffuse

A

Spread widely, disseminate (verb); dispersed, widely spread out, or wordy and going off- topic (adj)

a diffuse speech that took a great deal of time to make a very small point
The forest was filled with a soft, diffuse light

128
Q

dilate

A

To become wider or make wider, cause to expand; to speak or write at length, elaborate upon

The drug caused his blood vessels to dilate

129
Q

dilatory

A

Slow, late; procrastinating or stalling for time

The landlord claimed that local firefighters were dilatory in responding to the call

130
Q

dilettante

A

Person who takes up an art or activity for amusement only or in a superficial way

Most articles published by this media reflect time-consuming research and investigation; the efforts are not work of dilettantes, but of professional journalists.

131
Q

din

A

Loud, confused noise, esp. for a long period of time

It was hard to hear anything above the din in the restaurant.

132
Q

dirge

A

A funeral or mourning song or poem

The local band played a dirge at the funeral for the fallen leader

133
Q

disabuse

A

Free someone from a mistake in thinking

The prime minister was quickly disabused of the idea that peace had finally arrived

134
Q

discerning

A

Having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish mentally

She had a discerning taste for good food and restaurants

135
Q

disparage

A

Belittle, put down; bring shame upon, discredit

Voters don’t like political advertisements in which opponents disparage one another.

136
Q

disparate

A

Distinct, different

There are disparate notions among adults and adolescents about when middle age begins

137
Q

dispassionate

A

Unbiased, not having a selfish or personal motivation; calm, lacking emotion

Journalists aim to be dispassionate observers

138
Q

diurnal

A

Occurring every day; happening in the daytime (rather than at night)

Only few owls are diurnal

139
Q

divest

A

Deprive or strip of a rank, title, etc., or of clothing or gear; to sell off holdings (opposite of invest)

The company was forced to divest assets to raise capital during the recession

140
Q

doctrinaire

A

Person who applies doctrine in an impractical or rigid and close-minded way (noun); merely theoretical, impractical, or fanatical about other people accepting one’s ideas (adj)

a doctrinaire conservative, the columnist takes special delight in baiting liberals

141
Q

doff

A

Take off (such as clothes), put aside; remove one’s hat as a gesture

He doffed his hat as he introduced himself to the audience

142
Q

dormant

A

Asleep, inactive, on a break

Her emotions have remained dormant for many years

143
Q

dovetail

A

Join or fit together

The company’s mission dovetails well with my passion in software engineering

144
Q

droll

A

Funny in an odd way

His low-key swagger and distinct delivery — engagingly droll, with a slurred word sometimes playfully disrupting his sharp flow — drew listeners in to his witty wordplay.

145
Q

dupe

A

Person who is easily fooled or used (noun); to fool or exploit (verb)

We were duped into thinking that the doll was a real alien

146
Q

dyspeptic

A

Grumpy, pessimistic, irritable; suffering from dyspepsia (indigestion)

Over-indulging myself in beer made me dyspeptic the next day

147
Q

ebullient

A

Very enthusiastic, lively, excited; bubbling as though being boiled

Democrats appeared ebullient about the bill, even with some of their priorities jettisoned or severely curtailed.

148
Q

eccentric

A

Peculiar, odd, deviating from the norm esp. in a whimsical way

Faull’s family sued the eccentric software guru John McAfee for Faull’s wrongful death in Orlando in November 2013, a year following Faull’s alleged murder.

149
Q

echelon

A

A level, rank or grade; the people at that level

We heard rumors of corruption in the upper echelon of the firm

150
Q

eclectic

A

Selecting the best of everything or from many diverse sources

MOMA’s eclectic collection includes everything from a giraffe skeleton to medieval musical instruments

151
Q

eclipse

A

The obscuring of one thing by another, such as the sun by the moon or a person by a more famous or talented person (noun); to obscure, darken, make less important (verb)

The popularity of television led to the eclipse of the radio drama

152
Q

edify

A

Uplift, enlighten, instruct or improve in a spiritual or moral way

I tried to edify his mood after hearing the news of his breakup

153
Q

effigy

A

Representation or image of a person, esp. a crude facsimile used to mock a hated person

The chosen child was burned in effigy per the shamanistic tradition of the tribe

154
Q

effrontery

A

shameless boldness; insolence

The little squirt had the effrontery to deny eating the cookies, even with the crumbs still on his lips

155
Q

egalitarian

A

Related to belief in the equality of all people

Moon’s regime pursued egalitarian policies for the redistribution of wealth

156
Q

egregious

A

Extraordinarily or conspicuously bad; glaring

The detective soon listed the egregious padding of evidences pointing to her crime.

157
Q

egress

A

An exit or the action of exiting

The auditorium is designed to provide easy egress in an emergency.

158
Q

elated

A

Very happy, in high spirits

159
Q

elegy

A

Song or poem of sorrow, esp. for a deceased person

160
Q

erratic

A

Inconsistent, wandering, having no fixed course

Because of his erratic attendance at practice, he was in danger of getting fired from the film

161
Q

erroneous

A

Mistaken, in error; improper, morally incorrect

162
Q

ersatz

A

Artificial, synthetic; being an inferior substitute

The apartment complex was designed as an ersatz Mediterranean villa

163
Q

erstwhile

A

Former, previous (adj); in the past, formerly (adv)

There’s now a skyscraper where erstwhile lay green and pleasant pastures

164
Q

erudite

A

Scholarly, knowledgeable; possessing deep, often systematic, knowledge

The conference was attended by some of the most erudite people in medical research

165
Q

eschew

A

Shun, avoid, abstain from

A fair number of academics eschew from the simple title “professor” and call themselves economist, historians, philosophers, etc.

166
Q

esoteric

A

Understood by or intended for only a few; secret

She must have had some esoteric motive for leaving everything behind and deciding to travel around the world

167
Q

estimable

A

Worthy of esteem, admirable; able to be estimated

168
Q

euphemism

A

Substitution of a mild, inoffensive, or indirect expression for one that is considered offensive or too direct

Cougar is the euphemism for a woman who has reached mid-life, who is single, financially secure and on the lookout for relationships with younger men—as in “prey.”

169
Q

exacerbate

A

Make worse (more violent, severe, etc.), inflame; irritate or embitter (a person)

The new law only exacerbated the housing crisis in Seoul

170
Q

exacting

A

Very severe in making demands; requiring precise attention

He was shocked when his normally exacting supervisor complimented him on a job well done

171
Q

exculpate

A

Clear from guilt or blame

The court exculpated him after a thorough investigation.

172
Q

exigent

A

Requiring immediate attention, action, or aid; excessively demanding

Police said exigent circumstances and the fact that the building appeared to be abandoned led them to enter without a warrant.

173
Q

expedient

A

Suitable, proper; effective, often at the expense of ethics or other considerations

The cartel found expedient to maintain social relationships with gunmen and politicians from both parties

174
Q

exponent

A

Person who expounds or explains; champion, advocate, or representative

Liberal academics have often described him as a leading exponent of Christian nationalism, because of his tendency to frame political events as theological challenges

175
Q

expurgate

A

Censor; remove objectionable or offensive parts

They felt it was necessary to expurgate his letters before publishing them.

176
Q

extemporaneous

A

Done without preparation (esp. of a speech), or with some preparation but no notes; improvised, done on the spur of the moment

The president’s extemporaneous comments have repeatedly caused problems for his administration

177
Q

extraneous

A

Irrelevant; foreign, coming from without, not belonging

Some degree of packaging is necessary to transport and protect the products we need, but all too often manufacturers add extraneous wrappers over wrappers of unnecessary plastic.

178
Q

extrapolate

A

Conjecture about an unknown by projecting information about something known; predict by projecting past experience

We can extrapolate the number of new students entering next year by looking at how many entered in previous years.

179
Q

facetious

A

Joking, humorous, esp. inappropriately; not serious, concerned with frivolous things

This writing is a facetious and tasteless remark about people in famine-stricken countries being spared the problem of overeating

180
Q

faction

A

Group or clique within a larger organization; party strife and dissension

181
Q

fallacious

A

Containing a fallacy, or mistake in logic; logically unsound; deceptive

The decision feels less like a rational Court judgement and more like a fallacious argument that a fringe Facebook group might circulate as a fact

182
Q

fallow

A

Left unplanted (of land); not in use

Back when writing system was yet to be developed, some important inventions and discoveries may have lied fallow

183
Q

finesse

A

Extreme delicacy, subtlety, or diplomacy in handling a sensitive situation or in a performance or skill (noun); use tact or diplomacy; employ a deceptive strategy (verb)

He managed to finesse a deal through bargaining.

184
Q

flag

A

Get tired, lose enthusiasm; hang limply or droop

flagging stock prices

185
Q

fledgling

A

A young bird that has just recently gotten its feathers, an inexperienced person (noun); new or inexperienced (adj)

Fledgling movements toward democracy have been aborted by military coups in struggling Asian countries

186
Q

fleeting

A

Passing quickly, transitory

Inflation is low-hanging political fruit for Republicans amid everyday reminders - underscored by weekly and monthly data drops - that show prices spiraling while policy solutions are fleeting.

187
Q

florid

A

Reddish or rosy; flowery, showy, or excessively fancy

He gave a florid speech in honor of the Queen’s visit

188
Q

flout

A

Treat with disdain, contempt, or scorn (usually of rules)

That led a handful of Republican lawmakers to purposely flout the House mask rules, resulting in them getting slapped with a mix of fines and warnings for their defiance.

189
Q

fluke

A

Stroke of luck, something accidentally successful

After years of disappointment, it became evident that the player just had one good fluke season

190
Q

foment

A

Incite, instigate, stir up, promote the growth of; apply medicated liquid to a body part

Typically, Moscow exploits mass protests in the U.S. to amplify discord and divisions in America through social media in the attempt to help foment social unrest.

191
Q

forage

A

Wander in search of; rummage, hunt, make a raid

The town foraged the cow for the annual feast

192
Q

ford

A

Place where a river or similar body of water is shallow enough to walk or ride a vehicle across (noun); to cross at such a place (verb)

The hiker eventually drowned herself while trying to ford the river

193
Q

forestall

A

Delay, hinder, prevent by taking action beforehand

Earlier in the pandemic, experts thought that immunity from vaccination or previous infection would forestall most reinfections.

194
Q

fortify

A

Strengthen, invigorate, encourage

The shooting already has led to calls to fortify schools further, on top of millions spent on equipment and other measures following earlier shootings.

195
Q

fortuitous

A

Happening by chance; lucky

I belted down the stairs, and to my lucky, there was a fortuitous train incoming

196
Q

fracas

A

Noisy disturbance or fight; brawl

The police broke up the fracas in the bar and threw both combatants in the lockup

197
Q

fractious

A

Unruly, troublemaking; irritable

Sometimes cats who are particularly fractious — or short-tempered — need to be medicated or under anesthesia for vet technicians to clip their nails.

198
Q

frenetic

A

Wildly excited, frantic, distracted

There was a frenetic rush to get all members of the cast in place before the curtains went down

199
Q

fringe

A

On the margin, periphery (adj); the people in a group who hold the most extreme views (noun)

The presidency is the one office for which the entire country votes, and for it to be captured by progressive fringe is a travesty

200
Q

fulminate

A

Explode, detonate; attack verbally in a vehement, thunderous way

But with the 2020 election, the left-leaning show no longer had Donald Trump to fulminate against

201
Q

furtive

A

Done secretly; stealthy, sly, shifty

Until this year, the museum officials were extremely furtive about the exhibition - so much so that even journalists had no clue what was about

202
Q

gainsay

A

Declare false, deny; oppose

Her role in passing the Affordable Care Act was absolutely heroic and should not be gainsaid

203
Q

gambol

A

Frolic; skip or leap playfully

Three friends gambol drunkenly on the lawn, noisy in their adamant youthfulness

204
Q

garrulous

A

Talkative, wordy, rambling

He was a garrulous boy who was in constant trouble for speaking out of turn

205
Q

gauche

A

Tactless, lacking social grace, awkward, crude

His loud talking at the opera marked him as gauche and uncultured

206
Q

gawky

A

Physically awkward (esp. of a tall, skinny person, often used to describe teenagers)

207
Q

germane

A

Relevant and appropriate, on-topic

omit details that are not germane to the topic