1 Flashcards
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humiliate ; to lower in rank, status, or esteem
abdicate
(v.) to resign, formally give up an office or a duty; to disown, discard
With the angry mob clamoring outside the palace, the king finally abdicated his throne and fled
abate
to lessen
aberrant
abnormal or deviant
Given the aberrant nature of data, we came to doubt the validity of the entire experiment
abeyance
temporary suppression or suspension
matters were held in abeyance pending further inquiries
abjure
to renounce, repudiate under oath; to avoid, shun
I refuse to abjure my Catholic faith
abrasive
(adj.) causing irritation, harsh; grinding or wearing down; (n.) a substance used to smooth or polish
Her abrasive and arrogant personality won her few friends
abreast
Side-by-side.
The more common “abreast of” means keeping up with, staying aware of, or remaining equal in progress with.
The news helped people keep abreast of the olympic games
abscission
cutting off; separation
Leaf abscission in trees
abscond
to leave secretly
She absconded with the remaining thousand dollars
abstain
To not do something; refrain
abyss
an extremely deep hole
accede
to agree, to accept
The authorities did not accede to the strikers’ demands
accretion
growth in size or increase in amount
There was an accretion of ice on the car’s windshield
acerbic
bitter, sharp in taste or temper
his acerbic taste of humor
acidulous
sour or harsh in taste or manner
a gently acidulous writing style that never becomes annoying
acme
the highest point
admonish
(v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty
adulterate
to corrupt, make worse by the addition of something of lesser value
The company is accused of adulterating its products with cheap additives
adumbrate
to sketch out in a vague way
The coach adumbrated a game plan, but none of the players knew precisely what to do
adverse
Not helpful; harmful
aerie
a nest built high in the air; an elevated, often secluded, dwelling (요새)
affable
friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to
affectation
unnatural or artificial behavior, usually intended to impress
His French accent is just an affectation to impress others
aggrandize
(v.) to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater
He hoped to aggrandize himself by dying a hero’s death
alacrity
brisk and cheerful readiness
She accepted the invitation with alacrity
aloof
not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant
anoint
(v) rub or sprinkle oil on; make sacred, such as by ceremony that includes applying oil to someone
High priests were anointed with oil
antedate
Be older than, precede in time; assign to an earlier date
The Greeks were a civilization that antedated the Roman Empire.
apathy
a lack of feeling, emotion, or interest
antithetical
sharply contrasted in character or purpose
apocryphal
of doubtful authenticity
A apocryphal rumor surrounding the current president
apostate
one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions
apostle
leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
apposite
appropriate
His observations were apposite to the discussion
apprise
to inform
I apprised him of what had happened that night
approbation
approval or praise
The movie Parasite was met with high approbation from the critics
appropriate
to take possession of for one’s own use; confiscate
His images were appropriated by the advertisers
arbiter
a judge who decides a disputed issue
The military acted as arbiter of conflicts between two political groups
arcane
known or understood by only a few
Modern math has its arcane notations
archaic
ancient; old-fashioned
ardent
very enthusiastic, impassioned
His ardent passion in politics
arduous
hard to do, requiring much effort
arrogate
to claim or take with right
They arrogated to themselves the power to change the constitution
artless
without guile; open and honest
Her simple and artless charm won the public instantly
ascertain
to find out
An attempt to ascertain the cause of his death
ascetic
One who leads a life of self-denial and contemplation; absent of luxury (금욕주의자)
ascribe
to assign or refer to
The doctor ascribed the baby’s crying to her upset stomach
aseptic
free from disease-causing microorganisms
Patients with compromised immune system must be treated in aseptic environments
asperity
harshness of tone or manner
He pointed out my flaws with some asperity
aspersion
a damaging or derogatory statement
Fox news published an article which was intended to cast aspersion against the Democratic Party candidate
assail
attack
She was assailed by doubts and regrets
assiduous
diligent; showing great care, attention, and effort
She tended her garden with assiduous attention
assuage
to make something unpleasant less severe
The letters from home assuaged the fears of soldiers in the battlefield
attenuate
to weaken
The candidate’s confidence and public speaking skills attenuated the impact of some awkward facts in his speech
augment
to make larger, increase
He augmented his summer income by panting houses
augury
an omen or prophecy
The ancient Scandinavians used the stars as an augury of their fortunes
august
respected and impressive
We visited their august mansion with a large swimming pool and a vineyard
austere
stern or cold in appearance or manner; morally strict (엄격한)
He was feared amongst the chefs as an austere food critic
avarice
(n.) a greedy desire, particularly for wealth
He was rich beyond the dreams of avarice
aver
affirm or declare
The jury finally averred his innocence from the allegations
bilk
Cheat or defraud
Some businesses bilk thousands of dollars from unsuspecting elderly customers
blight
Disease that kills plants rapidly, or any cause of decay or destruction (noun); ruin or cause to wither (verb)
The scandal blighted the careers of several leading politicians
blithe
Joyous, merry; excessively carefree so as to ignore important concerns
The driver showed his blithe disregard for the rules of the road
bolster
Strengthen or support
bombastic
(Of speech or writing) far too showy or dramatic than is appropriate; pretentious
The candidate disappointed the audience with her bombastic speech full of pretentious fake promises that were unlikely to be met
bonhomie
Friendliness, open and simple good heartedness
boor
Rude, ill-mannered, or insensitive person; a peasant or country bumpkin
At last, the big obnoxious boor had been dealt a punishment for his uncouth and belligerent manner
brandish
Shake, wave as a weapon
The homeless man leaped out brandishing a knife
brook
Suffer or tolerate
Any husband of toxic masculinity would never brook any criticism from his wife or children
bucolic
Pertaining to shepherds; suggesting a peaceful and pleasant view of rural life
He lived a bucolic life as a gardener in Jeju shortly after his retirement
bureaucracy
Government characterized by many bureaus and petty administrators or by excessive, seemingly meaningless requirements (관료주의)
The unnecessary bureaucracy in local government has led to tax increase
burgeon
Grow or flourish rapidly; put forth buds or shoots (of a plant)
The city’s suburbs have burgeoned, sprawling out from the center
burnish
Polish, make smooth and lustrous; enhance or perfect
Lee is a man who took advantage of any opportunity to burnish his image.
buttress
Support or encourage (verb); a support or prop, esp. projecting from and supporting the wall of a building (noun)
The revolution and change in government authorities in Iran was buttressed by religious agenda
cacophony
Harsh, discordant, or meaningless mixture of sounds
calumny
Malicious lie intended to hurt someone’s reputation; the act of telling such lies
Korean media was tainted by calumny and fake news during the presidential election
canard
Rumor, a false or baseless story
… the old canard that LA is a cultural wasteland
canonical
Authorized, recognized; pertaining to the canon, or body of accepted rules, standards or artistic works
Traditionalist Catholics bitterly described the acts of terrorism as the destruction of sacred space and violation of canonical norms
capricious
Acting on impulse, erratic
Every balloon voyage is a race between capricious winds and the remaining fuel on board
cardinal
of the greatest importance; fundamental
My cardinal rule of expanding my breadth of vocabulary is being persistent.
castigate
Criticize severely; punish in order to correct
The judge castigated the lawyers for their lack of preparation.