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Musculoskeletal, Skin > 091714 adnexal structures > Flashcards

091714 adnexal structures Flashcards

1
Q

infundibulum

A

from sebaceous gland to top of epidermis

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2
Q

isthmus

A

from top of erector pili muscle to top of sebaceous gland

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3
Q

inferior segment of hair

A

from bottom of hair to erector pili muscle

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4
Q

what contains rapidly dividing cells in the hair?

A

matrix

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5
Q

what are the type of pilosebaceous units?

A

lanugo (fetal)
vellus (fine)
terminal (coarse)

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6
Q

how do sebaceous glands produce sebum (through what kind of secretion)?

A

holocrine secretion

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7
Q

when is hair shed (what phase)?

A

telogen phase

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8
Q

telogen effluvium

A

stressor results in greater proportion of hair follicles entering telogen phase

occurs about 3 months after event

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9
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune condition
smooth patches of complete alopecia

nail pits (indentations in nail plate) may occur

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10
Q

how is alopecia areata different from tinea capitis?

A

no scaling in alopecia areata

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11
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

palms and soles

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12
Q

what are eccrine sweat glands innervated by

A

sympathetic fibers

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13
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

sweaty and smelly

in axillae, anogenital, periumbilical, areolae, border of lips

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14
Q

strcture of eccrine sweat gland

A

goes directly to surface of skin (the duct)

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15
Q

structure of apocrine sweat gland

A

inserts into hair follicle

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16
Q

fxn of apocrine sweat glands

A

unclear

17
Q

fxn of eccrine sweat glands

A

thermoregulation
maintenance of electrolyte balance
maintenance of moist stratum corneum to facilitate tactile skills

18
Q

what are the disorders of the pilosebaceous unit

A

acne vulgaris
acne rosacea
tinea versicolor

19
Q

comedo formation

A

plugging of hair follicles

20
Q

what causes an inflam response in acne vulgaris?

A

when the plugged follicles (comedo formation) rupture, causing inflam to the extruded keratin and sebum

21
Q

what role does Propionibacterium acnes play in acne vulgaris

A

found deep within the follicle and releases enzymes that promote follicular rupture

also stimulates release of proinflammatory mediators leading to neutrophil recruitment and Th1 responses

22
Q

how do hair follicles get plugged in acne vulgaris

A

increase in sebum production in como w increased production and impaired shedding of corneocytes linint the upper portion of hair follicle–lead to comedo formation

23
Q

comedones are characteristic lesions in what kind of acne

A

non inflammatory acne

24
Q

comedones can be

A

closed (white heads) or open (blackheads)

25
Q

how does inflammatory acne differ from non inflam?

A

inflam also has comedones, but the inflammatory lesions vary depending on type of inflam response

26
Q

how is inflam acne diff from non inflam acne appearance wise

A

inflam acne is larger and discolored

can have pustules, cysts, nodules

27
Q

how do retinoids work for acne vulgaris

A

topical agent

normalize follicular keratinization
expulsion of existing keratinaceous plugs
prevention of formation of new lesions

28
Q

how does benzoyl peroxide work for acne vulgaris

A

topical agent-it has antibacterial effects and also anti-inflam properties

29
Q

are tetracyclines antiinflam?

A

yes, they decrease proinflammatory mediators

30
Q

side effect of doxycycline

A

pill esophagitis, photosensitivity

31
Q

MOA of oral contraceptives

A

systemic agent for treating acne vulgaris

blocks production of androgens

32
Q

indications for isotretinoin

A

severe nodulocystic acne
scarring
recalcitrant to systemic antibiotics or topicals

good thing is: many pts who complete a course of this don’t get acne again

33
Q

acne rosacea

A

pathogenesis is multifactorial-related to hyperreactivity

easy blushing
lacks comedones

Musculoskeletal, Skin (33 decks)

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