Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > 09.13.18 Vaccines > Flashcards

09.13.18 Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

a substance designed to induce a potent and protective immune response to potential microbial pathogens by exposing the host to antigenic, but non-pathogenic material

A

Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The body’s response to exposure to a potential pathogen, hopefully leading to a long-term protective response

A

Active immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Created via the transfer of pre-formed antibodies to an individual

A

Passive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal?

A

Monoclonal- protection against only that pathogen

Polyclonal- IVIG,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How must you treat an animal bite?

A

Administer rabies immune globulin (RIG) and rabies vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How would you treat a baby with very low Ig production and very low CD19?

A

Passive immunity forever- IVIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common situations in which passive immunization is used?

A
  1. Protection against toxins- tetanus, botulism, diphtheria, snake venom
  2. Rho-Gam- prevent Rh- mothers from becoming sensitive to fetal Rh+ (product with antibody against D Ag)
  3. IVIg for deficiencies in humoral immune system
  4. Antibody products directly against specific viral antigens- rabies, hep A
  5. Various infections/autoimmune disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do terms D positive and D negative refer to?

A

Presence/absence of the Rh antigen D on the RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whole bacteria or viruses which are either killed or weakened prior to use as vaccine

A

Inactivated and Attenuated Bacterial and Viral Vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

produced by growing large numbers of virus or bacteria and killing (inactivating) them using heat or chemical fixation

A

Inactivated vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

produced by repeated passages of the organism through cell culture or laboratory animals until an non-virulent organism is isolated

A

Attenuated, live vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of an inactivated bacterial vaccine? inactivated viral vaccine?

What is limit to use of inactivated vaccines?

A

Bacteria- typhoid
Viral- flu

Short-lived protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Effective; generate long term protection; booster doses recommended for some

A

Attenuated, live viral vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of attenuated live viral vaccine?

What is an example of attenuated bacterial vaccine?

A

Viral:

  • Measles
  • Mumps
  • Rubella
  • Chickenpox
  • Rotavirus
  • live (oral) flu vaccine

Bacterial:
- BCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HIV+ baby wants vaccine, what is concern?

A

Live vaccines for those with immune deficiency is a safety concern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxoids and purified polysaccharide antigens are examples of what kind of vaccines?

A

Purified antigen/subunit vaccines

17
Q
  • Toxins inactivated, usually by chemical modification
  • Very effective immunogens
  • Diphtheria, Tetanus
A

Toxoids

18
Q
  • Not efficient at long term protection (T independent)
  • effective when coupled to proteins
  • CONJUGATE VACCINES
  • Ex. Hib
A

Purified polysachharid Antigens

19
Q

What are pros/cons to purified antigen/subunit vaccines and synthetic/recombinant antigen vaccines?

A

+ V safe

  • Short shelf life, difficulty to produce, doesn’t stimulate CTL
20
Q
  • active part is a synthesize protein/AA
  • Tech required identification of antigenic epitopes on a particular molecule
  • Ex. Hep B
A

Synthetic/Recombinant Antigen Vaccines

21
Q

What are components in vaccines?

A
  1. Adjuvants
  2. Diluent
  3. Stabilizer
  4. Antibiotics
  5. Preservatives
22
Q

substance added to vaccine to improve/stimulate the immune response

A

Adjuvants

23
Q

this vaccine component usually consists of water or saline

A

diluent

24
Q

this vaccine component maintains vaccine potency

A

stabilizer

25
Q

phenomenon seen when a large percentage of individual in the community are immunized

  • microorganism can’t survive in population
  • low probability unimmunized individual will come in contact with pathogen
A

Herd immunity

26
Q

What are the risks to vaccines?

A
  1. Local reactions
  2. Mild systemic reactions
  3. Varied allergic reactions
27
Q
  • Compound previously used as a vaccine preservative
  • Contains ethylmercury – Mad Hatter
  • Current vaccines don’t contain this/only minute quantities
A

Thimerosal

Immunology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions