08/01

Question 1

What is the initial management of an anal fistula?

Answer 1

MRI pelvis to determine course of fistula

Question 2

What are symptoms of epididymo orchitis?

Answer 2

Acute pain and swelling
Dysuria and discharge
Normally positive urine dipstick

Question 3

What are symptoms of testicular torsion?

Answer 3

Severe, sudden onset pain

Testis is tender and pain not relieved by elevation

Question 4

What condition is orchitis associated with?

Answer 4

Mumps

Question 5

What are the symptoms of mucinous carcinoma?

Answer 5

Breast lump with soft consistency
Lump has a grey gelatinous surface
Axillary nodal involvement rare

Question 6

What are the symptoms of Pagets disease of the nipple?

Answer 6

Erythematous rash affecting the nipple first and then spreading to areolar area
Flattening of nipple
Breast lump
One breast affected

Question 7

What are signs of breast ductal carcinoma in situ?

Answer 7

Comedo necrosis

Question 8

What are aromatase inhibitors?

Answer 8

E.g. Anastrozole and letrozole
Reduce peripheral oestrogen synthesis
Aromatisation accounts for most the oestrogen production in post menopausal women
Used in oestrogen receptor positive women

Question 9

What are side effects of aromatase inhibitors?

Answer 9

Osteoporosis 
Hot flushes
Insomnia
Arthralgia
Myalgia

Question 10

What is the grading of internal haemorrhoids?

Answer 10

1- do not prolapse out anal canal
2- prolapse on defecation but reduce spontaneously
3- can be manually reduced
4- cannot be reduced