07- Renal

Question 1

treatment of cranial diabetes?

Answer 1

vasopressin

desmopressin

Question 2

treatment of nephrogenic diabetes?

Answer 2

chlorothiazide

Question 3

eGFR factors in what?

Answer 3

Creatinine

Age

Gender

Ethnicity

Question 4

gentamicin causes what kind of damage to kidney?

Answer 4

intrinsic

Question 5

spironoloacitne is what kind of drug?

Answer 5

aldosterone antagonist

Question 6

where is renin produced?

Answer 6

juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney

Question 7

action of renin?

Answer 7

converts angiotensinogen (formed in liver) to angiotensin 1

Question 8

Action of ACE?

Answer 8

converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 9

the proximal/distal convuluted tubule has a brush border villified membrane

Answer 9

proximal has brush border

Question 10

which condition is assoc w angiomiolipoma?

Answer 10

tuberous sclerosis

Question 11

what is good for identifying seminoma?

Answer 11

Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP)

Question 12

cause of urge incontinece and treatment?

Answer 12

detrusor overactivity

treat with antimuscarinic i.e. oxybutynin

Question 13

how do acidic and basid drugs enter the lumen?

Answer 13

acidic uses organitc anion transporters (OAT)

basic uses organic cation transporters (OCT)

Question 14

why do thiazides predisopose to gout?

Answer 14

uric acid competes for OAT

Question 15

where do potassium sparing diurtetics act?

Answer 15

collectign ducts

Question 16

mechanism of potassium sparing diuretics?

Answer 16

amiloride/triamterene- blcok NA channel to decrease reabsorption

spironalactone/ epleronone- aldosterone antagonists

Question 17

what si mannitol and its MoA?

Answer 17

osmotic diuretic- trapped in filtrate so decerase water and sodium reabsorption

Question 18

where are SGLT1 and SGLT2 receptors found?

Answer 18

SGLT1- intestine and kidneys

SGLT2- kidneys

Question 19

why must diuretics be inthe filtrate with regards to their site of action?

Answer 19

to reach apical membrane

Question 20

cremasteric reflex in present in epidydimitis/testicular torsion?

Answer 20

present in epidydimitis

Question 21

what organism is assoc with UTI in catherised patients?

Answer 21

pseudomonas- treat w ciprofloxacin

Question 22

nitrofurantoin is safe in pregnncy true/false?

Answer 22

false- avoid in pregnancy

Question 23

how are UTI in hospitl generally treated? what is the max prescription

Answer 23

gentamicin- max 3 days

Question 24

which organism does not have +ve nitrites on dipstick?

Answer 24

enterococcus

Question 25

what is the empirical treatment of UTI?

Answer 25

trimethoprim- inhibits folic acid synthesis

Question 26

which antibiotic works against ESBL strains?

Answer 26

Pivmecillin

Question 27

what is the treatment of a complicated UTI?

Answer 27

clarithromycin/co-trimoxazole | (amoxicillin/gentamicin in hospital)

Question 28

describe boricon container

Answer 28

red top- works for 24 hrs

Question 29

what is the equation for eGFR?

Answer 29

MDRD4- creatine, age, gender, ethnicity

Question 30

what is target BP in glomerulonephritis?

Answer 30

130/80 120/75 if proteinuria

Question 31

what is assoc with IL-13

Answer 31

minimal change nephropathy

Question 32

which antibody is present in membranous nephropathy?

Answer 32

anti-PLA2

Question 33

what is first line treatment for BPH?

Answer 33

alpha blocker- tamsulosin

Question 34

what is assoc with muddy brown casts?

Answer 34

acute tubular necrosis

Question 35

apple green birefringence on congo red stain

Answer 35

amyloidosis

Question 36

seminoma spread?

Answer 36

lympahtically to para aortic lymph nodes

Question 37

which is more common in younger, seminoma/teratoma?

Answer 37

teratoma

Question 38

where do left and right testicular veins originate?

Answer 38

left- left renal vein right- IVC