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00- learn it already > 03- Endocrine > Flashcards

03- Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

receptor for insulin?

A

receptor kinases

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2
Q

what are three kind of cell receptor?

A

GPCR

receptor kinases

nuclear receptors

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3
Q

which receptors are cell surface and which are intracellular?

A

cell surface: GPCR, receptor kinases

intracellular: nuclear kinase receptor

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4
Q

what activates class 1 nuclear receptors?

A

steroid hormones (bind to heat shock proteins)

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5
Q

what activates class 2 nuclear receptors?

A

lipids

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6
Q

what activates class 3 nuclear receptors?

A

(hybrid) T3

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7
Q

give examples of tyrosine derived hormones?

A

adrenaline

thyroid hormone

melatonin

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8
Q

describe mineralocorticoid activity?

A

refers to sodium retention in exchange for potassium and/or hydorgen

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9
Q

describe diabetes insipidus

A

can’t secrete ADH so less water resorption leadign to high sodium to try compensate

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10
Q

insulin inhibits lipolysis true/false

A

true

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11
Q

what is glucose phosphorylated to in the pancreas?

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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12
Q

ketones are derived from what?

A

acetyl-CoA (B oxidation)

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13
Q

what are incretins?

A

intestinal secretion of insulin

GLP-1 from L cells

GIP from K cells

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14
Q

what is humalog mix25

A

25% short acting

75% long acting

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15
Q

mechanism of sulphonylurea’s

A

displace ADP-Mg from SUR1 to promote insulin release

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16
Q

what is exenatide?

A

incretin analogue

17
Q

which transporter moves glucose into skeletal muscle?

A

GLUT4

18
Q

what is the normal anion gap?

A

10-18

19
Q

raised albumin indicates what?

A

renal damage

(established microalbuminaemia 2/3 tests +ve)

20
Q

what percentage of diabeteic men suffer erectile dysfunction?

A

50%

21
Q

thyroglobulin is secereted by which cells?

which cells is it stored in?

A

secreted by follicular cells

stored in colloid

22
Q

which thryoid cancer develops from C cells?

A

medullary

23
Q

papillary thyroid carcinoma spread lymphatically/haematologically

A

lymphatically

24
Q

what are the three zones of tehe renal medulla

A

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis

zona glomerulosa

25
Q

what do each of the zones of the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

zona fasciculata → cortisol

zona reticularis → androgens

zona glomerulosa → aldosterone

26
Q

management of pheochromocytoma?

A

alpha blocker followed by beta blocker

fluid replacment

surgical excision

27
Q

which gene is involved in MEN 1 and MEN2?

A

MEN1- 11q tumour suppressor

MEN2- 10q RET proto oncogene

28
Q

what is the most common congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

29
Q

what investigavtive scan is used for hyperparathyroidism?

A

sestamibi scan

00- learn it already (9 decks)

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