01- Derm

Question 1

embryological origin of dermis

Answer 1

mesoderm

Question 2

what is the uppermost layer of the dermis?

Answer 2

papilloedema

Question 3

what is the embryological origin of the epidermis?

mainly CD4/8 cells found here?

Answer 3

ectorderm → periderm ⇒ epidermis

CD8+ cells

Question 4

what cells that aid in sensation are found between the keratinocytes and nerve fibres?

Answer 4

merkel cells

Question 5

MHC 1 present endogenous/exogenous to CD8+ cells

Answer 5

endogenous

Question 6

MHC2 cells present endogenous/exogneous to CD4+ cells

Answer 6

MHC 2 presents exogenous to CD4+ cells

Question 7

which cells produce IFN alpha

Answer 7

plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Question 8

what is the significance of IL-17A in psoriasis?

Answer 8

stimulates keratin proliferation

Question 9

function of langerhans cells

Answer 9

produce liquid antigen and present to T cells

Question 10

allergic contact dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 10

hypersensitivity type IV

Question 11

what is the brick and mortar model?

Answer 11

brick- corenocytes

mortar- intercellular lipids

Question 12

which kind of drug in which vehicle will absorb best?

drug penetration is transcellular/intercellular

Answer 12

lipophilic drug in hydrophilic vehicle

drug penetration is intercellular

Question 13

cream for pre-cancerous lesions?

Answer 13

aldara (imioquid)

Question 14

equation for rate of absorption

Answer 14

KpxCv

Question 15

list some anti-pruritics

Answer 15

menthol

capsaicin

Question 16

mild to potent steroids?

Answer 16

hydrocortisone

mometasone

modrasone

clobetasol

Question 17

lancefield class of strep pyogenes?

Answer 17

M1 & 3- predominant

M3 &18 cause severe disease

Question 18

how to super antigens aboid detection?

MRSA super anitgen?

Answer 18

bind to MHC II on outside

TSST-1 toxic shock form MRSA

Question 19

treatment of dermatophyte: small area

scalp

Answer 19

clotrimazole

terbinafine

Question 20

describe haploinsifficiency

Answer 20

one gene cant produce the protein so you end up with less overall

Question 21

what are the four kinds of itch and thier cause?

Answer 21

prurioceptive: somethign on skin
pyschogenic: delusion
neurogenic: drug cause
neuropathic: CNS damage

Question 22

which layers are the following foudn in:

junctional naevus

intradernal naevus

compound naevus

Answer 22

DEJ

dermis

DEJ + dermis

Question 23

define xeroderma pigmentosa

Answer 23

defect in NER gene resulting in photosensitivity leading to skin cancer

Question 24

autosomal dominant condition resulting in multiple BCCs?

Answer 24

gorlins syndrome

Question 25

what are ephilides?

Answer 25

freckles

Question 26

what mutation occurs from UV damage to DNA

Answer 26

pyrimidine dimer mutation

Question 27

what are the four kind of melanoma and which is the odd one out?

Answer 27

superficial spreadin

acral/nucosal lentignous

lentigo

nodular- grows vertically from outset (rest superficial first)

Question 28

which is the most dangerous UV light?

Answer 28

UVC most lethal (blocked my Ozone)

then UVB

then UVA

Question 29

what are the two most important virulence factors of strep pyogenes?

Answer 29

hyaluronic acid

CD44+ve

Question 30

what causes necrotising fascitis type 1 and type 2?

Answer 30

type 1- anaerobes and coliforms

type 2- group A strep

Question 31

what is the normal ABPI?

Answer 31

0.8- 1.3

low = vascular disease

high = calcification