(07) p321

Question 1

(Deranged Intracellular carbohydrate metabolism)

(Intracellular glycogen accumulation)

1. physiologic storage in what?
2. pathologic accumulation when what metabolism is impaired?
3. liver may be of what appearance in severe cases?
4. histology: cell cytoplasm is characterized by what? nucleus is placed where?

Answer 1

1. hepatocytes (in young) and myocytes
2. glucose and glycogen metabolism (eg D. mellitus, hypercortisicm, gbe in quarter horses)
3. swollen and brown (steroid-induced hepatopathy)
4. irregular clear spaces with indistinct outlines; nucleus remains centrally placed

(friable - consistency of liver is altered)

Question 2

(Deranged intracellular protein metabolism)

1. eosinophilic to glassy homogenous appearance at histology - so what kind of change?
2. excessive production of what? in what cell?
3. storage of what kind of proteins? usually degraded in what?
4. Resorption droplets in what? What lead to increased resorption of protein by tubular epithelial cells?

Answer 2

1. hyaline change
2. normal protein; mott cells (plasma cells with russell bodies)
3. abnormal (misfolded); proteosomes (but occasionally accumulate in cells)
4. renal tubular epithelial cells (proximal tubules); increase urine protein concentration (in cases of glomerulonephritis)

Question 3

(Other intracellular accumulations)

1-3. what are three examples?

Answer 3

1. autophagic vacuolues
2. viral inclusion bodies (intracytoplasmic vs. intranuclear)
3. lead inclusions

Question 4

(Autophgocytosis/Autophagia)

1. vacuoles/phagolysosomes may histologically be seen as what?
2. vacuoles/phagolysosomes may be what or what? contain what?
3. damaged/misfolded proteins are constantly marked by what for what?

Answer 4

1. eosinophilic inclusions (hyaline droplets)
2. expelled from cell (exocytosis) or accumulate ithin cells (residual bodies) - containing lipofuscin (wear and tear pigment)
3. ubiquitin (heat shock proteins) for disposal in proteins

then look at figures… core complexes allow for synth of plasma membranes

Question 5

1. DNA viruses replicate where and thus cause what kind of inclusions?

Answer 5

1. intranuclear

(RNA is cytoplasmic)

(distemper causes nuclear and cytoplasmic inclustion bodies)

Question 6

(Extracellular accumulations)

1-5. what are the five?

Answer 6

1. hyaline substances (amyloid or fibrin)
2. fibrinoid change
3. gout and pseudogout
4. cholesterol
5. collagen (fibrosis; sclerosis or induration)

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

(Gout)

1. deposition of what?
2. uric acids in blood are in form of what? how soluble in water?
3. increased concentration in blood (hyperuricemia) (or in synovial fluid or pH changes of fluids) lead to what?
4. what is psedogout?

Answer 8

1. urates
2. monosodium urate (relatively insoluble in water)
3. crystallization and formation of insoluble urate salts
4. crystals other than urate salts that are deposited in joints (eg hydroxlyapatite depostion disease))

Question 9

(Gout)

1. what is primary gout?
2. what is secondary gout?

Answer 9

1. excessive protein intake
2. decreased nitrogen excretion (renal disease, dehyrdation)

Question 10

(extracellular accumulations)

(cholesterol)

1. derived from breakdown of what in cell membranes? during what and what?

Answer 10

1. lipids; hemorrhage and necrosis (xanthomas/xanthomatosis)

don’t see too often in domestic animals

can act as foreign bodies - and macrophages will try to remove these = cholesterol granulomas