(03) p83

Question 1

(Physical Noxious Stimuli)

1. local affects (can cause what?)

(Systemic Effects)

1. anemia (blood loss) can cause what?
2. What is “wound shock”?
3. hyperkalemia - due to what?
4. “crush kidneys” (chromoproteinemic nephrosis) - reduced blood supply to what? increased amount of what from damaged muscles cells?
5. bone marrow emboli to lungs after what?
6. generalized infections

Answer 1

1. local infections
2. hypovalemi shock (usually at 1/3 of blood loss)
3. loss of fluid due to histamin release in damaged tissue (aggravates effect of blood loss)
4. release of intracellular potassium from large number of lethally injured cells (–> arrhtymias)
5. reduced blood supply to kidneys; myoglobin (floods the kidney)
6. bone fractures (bone gets into bloodstream?)

Question 2

(Physical Noxious Stimuli)

(Temperature)

1. hyperthemia - often in combination with what?
2. dehydration due to what?
3. what in skin and what in internal organs?
4. heat shock (greater than what core temp?)

(Combustio)

1. what from dry heat?
2. from wet heat?
3. what are the four levels of burn?

Answer 2

1. strenous exercise
2. fluid and electrolyte loss
3. vasodilation in skin and vasoconstriciton in internal organs
4. >43C –> disseminated intravascular coagulation = DIC) - insolation (solariasis) - overheated brain
5. burn
6. scold
7. C. erythematosa (reddening) –> bullosa (blister) –> escharotica (full thickness sloughing/necrosis of epidermis - heals poorly) –> carbonisata (charcoal)

Question 3

(Physical Noxious Stimuli)

(Temperature)

1. Hypothermia - less than what temperature?

(Congelatio - freezes)

2. what are the three levels?
3. what is the main problem?

Answer 3

1. < 35 C = 95 F
2. C. erythematosa –> bullosa –> escharotica –> gangraenosa
3. internal ice in cells with cause damage

Question 4

(Physical Noxious Stimuli)

(Actinic)

1. caused by what?
2. Only damaging after what occurs? caused by what? leads to what?
3. white ears of cattle and cats —> squamous cell carcinoma - examples of what?

(Ionizing radiation)

4. local radiation versus full body radiation; oral uptake
5. what are two sources?
6. what tissues and cells are highly vulnerable?

Answer 4

1. visible sunlight/UV light
2. photosensitization; presence of photodynamic (absorb energy and form radicals) compounds in skin; damage to non-haired, non-pigmented skin regions (“photodermatitis”)
3. sun burn
4. x-rays, gamma rays

6 mitotic active cells (younger individuals more susceptible) and water containing tissues

Question 5

(Photosensitization)

1. what is the uptake of photodynamic compunds with food (eg plants) –> deposition in skin
2. what is inherited defect in porphryin metabolism; what happens to abberrant porphyrin metabolites?
3. what one only occurs in ruminants?

Answer 5

1. primary photosensitivy
2. secondary photosensitiy; abberrant poryphrin metabolites are photodynamic and deposited in skin
3. hepatogenic photosensitivity

Question 6

(Physical Noxious Stimuli)

(Electricity)

1. household current causes what?
2. lightning strike - death usually due to what?
3. power line collisions in birds

(Climate)

1. slow decrease in atmospheric pressure and oxygen concentration causes what?
2. sudden decrease of atmosphere pressure = ?
3. What is cause by sudden increases in atm pressure (

Answer 6

1. burns, arrhythmias/cardiac arrest
2. paralysis of respiration center in brainstem (no lesions)
3. high altitude disease = brisket disease (the right heart gets all fucked up)
4. diver disease (gas emboli in vasculature)
5. explosions - pulmonary hemmorrhages

Question 7

(Chemical Noxes)

(toxins)

(exogenous toxins)

1. what are lead, mercury, arsenic?
2. what are alkaloids and glycosides?
3. what is venom?

(Endogenous toxins)

4. are products of what?

Answer 7

1. lead, mercury, arsenic
2. plant toxins
3. animal toxins
4. metabolism (ammonia, ketones, urates)

Question 8

(Chemical Noxes)

(Toxins (in sensu strictu): antigenic group and toxiphoric group)

(Effect of toxins)

1. dependent on what?
2. toxins have to be what to be absorbed by cells?
3. cytolysis, altering enzyme activity/cell metabolism

(Host Defense mechanisms)

1-3. what three?

Answer 8

1. concentation, route of up take, etc
2. soluble (at least need to adhere)
3. reflexes
4. elimination
5. metabolism (liver or kdney)

Question 9

(Chemical Noxes)

(Effect of toxins)

1. biochemical mechanisms
2. cause quick death
3. slower

(target organs)

Answer 9

2. acute toxicosis (strychnine)
3. chronic toxins (carcinogens)

just read the thing then…

Question 10

(Chemical noxes)

(pathologic findings of intoxication)

1. do most toxicosis cause lesions? those that do are called what?

(Testing for toxins)

2. history and crime scence investigation
3. chemical analysis of gastric content, liver, kidney, urine, blood, brain, adipose tissue depending of toxin type and time course

Answer 10

1. no; pathognomic (indicative of the cause) lesions

Question 11

what is the toxic thing in chocolate for dogs?

Answer 11

1. theobromine

Question 12

(Nutrition)

(Quantitaive)

1. what are the two examples?
2. what is protein-energy deficiency syndrome called?

(Qualitative)

1. can be lack of what?
2. can be reduced what?

Answer 12

1. emaciation and obesity
2. cachexia
3. essential factors (vitamins and minerals)
4. enteric absorption (enterocarence) (or presence of capture molecules or antagonistic/competing compounds in food)