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OS > 07 > Flashcards

07 Flashcards

1
Q

What ring doe the kernel/user run in?

A

ring 0, ring 3

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2
Q

_____ allows continued access to the kernel without the need for repeated verification

A

handle

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3
Q

_____ user mode programs providing OS interface and functionality

A

Applications

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4
Q

______ documented interface for requesting protected OS services, library of functions used to invoke system calls

A

API

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5
Q

______ Program consisting of core OS functions designed specifically for interacting with various hardware components

A

Kernel

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6
Q

_______ Architecture dependent code

A

Hardware abstraction

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7
Q

_______ An application’s compiled and executable code

A

Executable (image file)

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8
Q

________ allocated memory requirements for an application, specific data

A

memory

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9
Q

______ identifies the user or system account executing a process

A

account identifier

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10
Q

______ component of a process scheduled to run on the cpu

A

thread

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11
Q

The illusion of performing multiple jobs simultaneously is created by a component of the kernel called _________

A

schedule dispatcher

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12
Q

The dispatcher uses _____ to effectively schedule between threads until al their work is done

A

context switching

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13
Q

on ______ systems are able to perform different jobs simultaneously

A

multi-processor

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14
Q

What ais the information contained by the PCB? (Prcocess control block)
Process _____
Process ____
Process ____
Process ____
CPU ______
Memory _____
Accounting _____
I/O _________
Access ______

A

Process Name
Process ID
Process state
CPU Register
Memory management
accounting information
I/O status information
Access rights

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15
Q

_______ creation of a process (Process state)

A

New

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16
Q

__________ Process waiting in line to run (Process state)

A

Ready

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17
Q

_______ Process instruction being executed (process state)

A

Run

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18
Q

_______ Process waiting for an event to continue (Process State)

A

Wait

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19
Q

________ Terminate [process (process state)

A

end

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20
Q

__________ gainfully employing the processor

A

CPU utilization

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21
Q

_______ Number of processes terminated in a set amount of time

A

throughput

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22
Q

________ amount of time a process takes before being terminated

A

Turnaround time

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23
Q

_________ amount of time in the ready queue

A

waiting time

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24
Q

________ amount of time the process takes to react to the user

A

Response time

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25
Q

A ______ scheduling algorithm schedules a process to run for a set quantum

A

Preemptive (P’Qs)

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26
Q

_______ each process runs for a quantum and then the next process gets a turn, no thread left behind

A

round robin

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27
Q

_______ The ready queue is divided into sub-queues, each with it’s own quantum length. Processes are permanently assigned to one queue based on priority

A

Multi-level Queue

28
Q

________ The ready queue is divided into sub-queues, each with it’s own quantum length, but processes may move between levels with a change to there priority

A

Multi-level feedback Queue

29
Q

A _____ scheduling algorithm schedules a process to run until the process voluntarily releases the CPU

A

non-preemptive

30
Q

______ first process run on the cpu until terminated and then, moves on to the following process

A

First come, first served

31
Q

______ processes are assigned a rough order of magnitude and run on the processor in order of least amount of time to most amount of time and run until terminated

A

shortest job first

32
Q

A _____ is assigned to each process

A

Priority

33
Q

_________ occurs due to a process depending on the timely output sequence of another process. If the depended process receives the output out of sequence or in an untimely manner, unanticipated behavior results

A

Race Conditon

34
Q

_______ occurs when a thread enters a wait state because a requested system resource is held by another waiting thread, which in turn is waiting for another resource held by another thread

A

Deadlock Condition

35
Q

________ and ________ divert the processor to code outside the current flow of control

A

interrupts, erxceptions

36
Q

_______ are primarily generated by I/O devices and are (asynchronus)

A

interrupt

37
Q

______ allow the OS Kernel to control interaction between each interrupts and scheduling with the processor

A

Interrupt service routines

38
Q

________ sometimes referred to as software intterupts (synchronous)

A

Execption

39
Q

The OS kernel uses a _______ to take control of interrupts and execptions when they occur.

A

trap handler

40
Q

The kernel traps the currently executing process/thread and changes its state to wait. This process is referred to as a _____

A

Trap

41
Q

___________ management uses a concpet known as ________ to divide each process into small chunks

A

virtual memory, paging

42
Q

Paging also requires ram to be partitioned into equally sized chunks called ________

A

page frames

43
Q

_________ these virtual addresses are usable by the process’s resources in user mode

A

virtual addresses

44
Q

Every process has a ________

A

page directory

45
Q

_______ contain page table entries (PTE) Each PTE contains a specific address, known as a page.

A

Page Tables

46
Q

_______ uses physical disk space to store memory data that is not actively being used in RAM

A

Swap/Page File

47
Q

excessive swapping is known as ________

A

thrashing

48
Q

_______ Translates I/O related function calls into specific hardware device requests

A

Device driver

49
Q

Accepts file oriented I/O requests and translates them into i/O operations destined for the disk

A

file system driver

50
Q

accepts network I/O requests and translates them into into I/O communications destined for other network devices

A

Network Driver

51
Q

the ____ is the API for windows device drivers

A

HAL

52
Q

________ is used to register the rest of the drivers routines with the OS

A

Initialization Routine

53
Q

_______ Drivers that support Plug n Play implement an add-device routine

A

add-device routine

54
Q

_______ used to initiate a data transfer to or from a device

A

Start I/O routine

55
Q

_______ called upon to perform I/O operations; the main function of a device driver

A

Dispatch Routines

56
Q

_______ interrupt to transfer control

A

interrupt service routine

57
Q

_______ DPC ends the interrupts and returns to normal scheduling

A

Deferred Procedure call

58
Q

_______ Device files are located in /dev, drivers use contextual names that applications are not required to use

A

device naming routine

59
Q

______ Devices are treated as files and use standard system calls to communicate

A

File Operations

60
Q

______ uses system calls, and transfers data one block at a time

A

block device files

61
Q

______ uses an interface for interpretation of data when written to or read from a device

A

character device file

62
Q

_________ is the act of creating a virtual version of something such as a hardware platform

A

system virtualization

63
Q

virtualization is controlled by a ________ often referred to as a ______

A

virtual machine monitor, hypervisor

64
Q

________ sits above the hardware and virtualizaes the complete hardware, bare metal, embedded

A

Type 1 VMM

65
Q

______ runs within an OS, and relies on OS services to manage a hardware

A

Type 2 VMM

66
Q

breaking out of a vm environment onto host machine is known as a ________

A

virtual machine escape

67
Q

What commands are used to see if your on a VM or not on windows/linuix?

A

systeminfo, dmidecode

OS (7 decks)

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