0604 - effector and memory T cell - EG

Question 1

Give an example of a disease to which adaptive immune response can be life long.

Answer 1

adaptive memory to measles via either vaccination or infection results in lifelong immunity.

Question 2

What are the four characteristics of memory (immune)?

Answer 2

quantitative (more memory than niave cells to a specific antigen), qualitative (more readily converted to effectors), altered recirculation (from lymphoidal tissue to non-lymphoidal), long-lived.

Question 3

What is dendritic cell licencing?

Answer 3

Often dendritic cells need to be conditioned by the CD4 response in order to be able to equip the DC to activate a CD8 cell properly

Question 4

What are the 3 phases of lymphocyte development from their activation due to stimulus to immune memory formation?

Answer 4

Expansion phase with mass clonal expansion to eradicate the pathogen; contraction phase to reduce lymphocyte count post resolution; residual memory cells to be able to elicit effective response on secondary exposure.

Question 5

What chemokine receptor maintains lymphocytes in their lymphoid organs?

Answer 5

CCR7

Question 6

What is STAT? What do they do?

Answer 6

acronym for signal transduction and activation of transcription. STAT signal downstream of receptor, phoshporylate, form dimers, and then enter nucleus to regulate transcription.

Question 7

What is the signature cytokine of Th1 cells?

Answer 7

interferon-gamma

Question 8

What is the signature cytokine of Th2 cells?

Answer 8

IL-4

Question 9

What are Th1 cells particularly good at activating?

Answer 9

inflammatory response, macrophages, and dendritic cells to kill intracellular pathogens.

Question 10

What cytokine stimulates the differentiation of a T cell to a Th1 cell?

Answer 10

IL-12; receptor signals to STAT4

Question 11

What is the master regulator gene that causes T cell differentiation to Th1?

Answer 11

T-bet

Question 12

List some actions of Th2 cells

Answer 12

activation of B cell proliferations, stimulate eosinophil recruitment and activation, stimulate mucosal secretion (e.g. of goblet cells)

Question 13

What molecules help the differentiation of a T cell to a Th2 cell?

Answer 13

IL-2 (STAT5) and IL-4 (STAT6)

Question 14

What is the master regulator gene that causes T cell differentiation to Th2?

Answer 14

GATA3

Question 15

What IL activates mast cells by which Th cell?

Answer 15

IL-9 of Th2 activates mast cells

Question 16

What IL activates eosinophils by which Th cell?

Answer 16

IL-5 of Th2 activates eosinophils

Question 17

What is the function of Th17 cells?

Answer 17

recruit and activate neutrophils, stimulate epithelial cells such as keratinocytes to secrete beta-defensins, act against extracellular bacteria and fungi.

Question 18

What is the master regulator gene that causes T cell differentiation to Th17? What activates this?

Answer 18

ROR-gamma-t, activated by STAT3 (STAT3 activated by secretion of IL6 and IL-!beta cytokines by DC)

Question 19

What is the master regulator gene that causes T cell differentiation to Tfh?

Answer 19

Bcl-6

Question 20

What is the master regulator gene that causes T cell differentiation to Tregs?

Answer 20

FoxP3