0519 - Larynx and vocalisation - EG

Question 1

Across what vertebral levels does the larynx cross?

Answer 1

CIII to CVI.

Question 2

List the main structural components of the larynx.

Answer 2

hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage.

Question 3

List the 4 main functions of the larynx.

Answer 3

(1) control inlet to the lungs - prevent food from being inspired(2) vocalisation (3) bracing the thorax during effort of abdominals (4) adapted speech for humans.

Question 4

List the adaptations humans have to allow speech to occur.

Answer 4

(1) shortening of the snout and cranial base (2) thick and mobile tongue (3) descended placement of the larynx with loss of apposition of epiglottis and soft palate.

Question 5

what vowel sounds are due to manipulation of the tongue?

Answer 5

tongue depressed: ‘ar’, ‘u’, ‘o’; back of tongue: ‘aw’, ‘or’ , ‘au’.(compared to ‘ee’ ‘i’ ‘oo’ sounds by lips and palates)

Question 6

What is klinorynchy?

Answer 6

the change from a horizontal (chimpanzee) to vertical (human) face, creating a naso-laryngeal tract with a right angle.

Question 7

List the groups of laryngeal muscles

Answer 7

(1) posterior crico-arytenoidius(2) inter-arytenoidius(3) lateral crico-arytenoidius(4) oblique ayrtenoidius(5) crico-thyroidius(6) thyro-arytenoidis(7) vocalis

Question 8

Which is the only muscle of the larynx that sits on the outside? what is its innervation?

Answer 8

cricothyroidius innervated by the superior laryngeal n.

Question 9

Which muscles of the larynx lengthen the vocal cords?

Answer 9

cricothryoidius

Question 10

Which muscles of the larynx shorten the vocal cords?

Answer 10

thryo-arytenoidius

Question 11

Which muscles of the larynx abduct the vocal cords?

Answer 11

posterior crico-arytenoidius.

Question 12

Which muscles of the larynx adduct the vocal cords?

Answer 12

inter-carytenoidius, oblique arytenoidius

Question 13

Which muscles control tension in the vocal cords?

Answer 13

vocalis

Question 14

Which muscles draw the epiglottis down?

Answer 14

aryepiglottic and thyroepitglottic muscles

Question 15

What nerves supply the larynx?

Answer 15

superior laryngeal nerves; (br. of X) has 3 branches - internal, external and recurrent.

Question 16

What nerves supply sensory and secretomotor innervation to the larynx?

Answer 16

The internal laryngeal the larynx untilthe vocal folds, post which is supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 17

What nerves supply motor innervation to the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 17

recurrent laryngeal serves all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for cricothyroidius and cricopharyngeus.

Question 18

What vessels provide the blood supply to the larynx?

Answer 18

superior laryngeal a (br of superior thyroid a off external carotid, travels with internal laryngeal n) to structures above vocal folds, inferior laryngeal a to structures below the vocal folds (accompanies recurrent laryngeal n.)