06022018

Question 1

HW 1

Answer 1

• Due nx Tue in class

Question 2

LiDAR

Answer 2

• Recent findings Mayan City
  > Using LiDAR to subtract the forest
  > Reveal Mayan City, northern Guatemala

Question 3

Surface survey

Answer 3

• Not very helpful

> Limit to stone tools BUT cannot find the things that deeply buried

Question 4

No matter what the survey methods, the “Provenience” of sites, excavations and artifacts is critically important to reconstructing “Context”.

Answer 4

• Provenience: the 3-D location of a site, excavation or artifact
• Context: physical position in a region, depositional environment, sediment matrix, etc.; the Association with other sites, features, artifacts, and materials; and cultural in terms of time and relationships

Question 5

Identifying a location

Answer 5

1) Latitude vs Longitude

2) Arbitrary grid

Question 6

Technologies employed

Answer 6

1) Global Positioning System (GPS) (with sub-meter accuracy)
2) Airborne LiDAR
3) Photogrammetry
> Provide geography info
> Record the location for doing future field work
4) Drone photogrammetry > photo > blocked vision
> Unlike LiDAR, NOT penetrate tree canopy
5) Photogrammetry using pole-mounted + GoPro 5 Black
> Takes lots of photo > use software to merge the photos

*> Minimize destruction + engage public (education)

Question 7

Anguilla sites

Answer 7

1) Known rock art sites X2
2) Cave sites with human remains X2

- Shoal Bay East site
- Fountain Cavern

• 60m ladder down the cave > water pool (the land is very dry > for storage)
• Ecotourism (education) vs archaeological site protection
• Pot: ceramic rim with a v-shaped bottom (construct from fragments)
  > NOT for the purpose for collecting water

Question 8

LiDAR scanning

Answer 8

• For the size of Fountain Cavern, Anguilla:
  > 2 days for a gd cave map
  > Extend accessibility
• Images black-white, millimeter accuracy, zooming in-and-out, virtual reality like gaming in the environment

Question 9

CAT scan

Answer 9

• Apply in medicine, BUT also could be used to scan artifacts or mummies
• e.g. Missisquoi Jar frm near Boucher Site, Stanton, VT
  > Can set it to identify diff tissue / block > means able to identify density
  > In the pot, NOT human remains > root, sands

Question 10

** “Middle Range” Theory

Answer 10

Artifact / Ecofact / Feature&raquo_space;»»» Human behavior
- Use technologies to investigate&raquo_space;»»> know more abt human behavior
- Examples of “Middle Range” analysis in archaeology:
1) Residue analysis (e.g., blood; starch) > remain on the artifact
- e.g. Based on residues frm 3,400 year old pottery frm Honduras > includes honey, cocoa powder, cocoa nibs, ancho chiles
- Proportion of bone, muscle tissue, fat being cut (residues on stone tools)
2) Use-Wear analysis (e.g. tool used on what?)
- e.g. edge damage on scraper, fragments (associated with butchered elephant remains in site of Israel)
3) Experimental archaeology
- Replication (e.g. stone tool, pottery > clay frm field, tools for decorative purpose, collect wood for firing, dig a hole for firing)
> Pottery: hard to carry > association with ppl staying in a region