05- Star Formation, and Existence Span

Question 1

A theory that explains the origin and organization of stars. Rotating cloud/gas gravitationally collapses and flattens.

Answer 1

Solar Nebula Theory

Question 2

low-density clouds of gas and dust among starts (sun composition). It’s made up of single atoms: 75% hydrogen, 25% helium.

Answer 2

Interstellar Medium (ISM)

Question 3

a “cloud” typically seen as emission, reflection, or dark interstellar reddening.

Answer 3

Nebula

Question 4

part of the nebula. It’s pushed by warmer currents and it’s so dark and dense that light won’t shine through it.

Answer 4

Dense Cloud

Question 5

Stars seen through clouds are redder because dust scatters blue light. Same reason we see a very red sun during smokey skies

Answer 5

Interstellar Reddening

Question 6

Stars have buddies! (unlike our star). A stable star group, held by combined gravity orbiting common center mass

Answer 6

Star Cluster

Question 7

A group of stars formed together BUT is not gravitationally bound, so they drift apart.

Answer 7

Stellar Association

Question 8

small dark cloud approximately 1ly that contains 10-1000 solar masses of gas and is able to form a star.

Answer 8

Bok Globules

Question 9

First step of solar nebula theory. A sudden change of pressure which disrupts and compresses the cloud

Answer 9

Shock Wave

Question 10

Second step of solar nebula theory (after a disk is formed). As gas is added, a warmed ball becomes destined to become a star and is buried deep in dusty cloud

Answer 10

Protostar

Question 11

The third step of solar nebula theory. Small flickering nebula vary in brightness from gas jets off prostar from opposite directions.

Answer 11

Herbig-Haro Object

Question 12

The fourth step of solar nebula theory. It is a teenager star that has a strong magnetic dynamo, a fast spin, wind/polar jets push out debris

Answer 12

T Tauri Star

Question 13

Final step of the solar nebula theory!!

Answer 13

A STAR is BORN!

Question 14

table of numbers, a mathematical model of laws of stellar structure.

Answer 14

Stellar Model

Question 15

1. Conservation of Mass
2. Conservation of Energy
3. Hydrostatic Equilibrium
4. Energy Transport

Answer 15

Laws of Stellar Structure.

Question 16

mass = sum of shell masses. Mass is conserved because mass is neither created nor destroyed.

Answer 16

Law of Conservation of Mass

Question 17

Total luminosity = sum energy generated in all layers in each shell.

Answer 17

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 18

Weight of each layer is balanced by pressure in each layer. Gravity pushes in as energy pushes out.

Answer 18

Law of Hydrostatic Equilibrium

Question 19

Energy moves from hot to cool regions by conduction, radiation, and convection.

Answer 19

Law of Energy Transport

Question 20

the minimum energy to take atoms apart

Answer 20

Nuclear Fission

Question 21

Energy needed to build atoms. Symbolized by scientific formula: 4x1H = 1x4HE + E

Answer 21

Nuclear Fusion

Question 22

Failed stars that cannot sustain fusion. 10 times of earth’s diameter which is about the size of Jupiter.

Answer 22

Brown Dwarfs

Question 23

start of star existence span mass-luminosity relation.

Answer 23

Zero-Age Sequence (ZAMS)

Question 24

For lower masses than the sun. The first reaction is deuterium (heavy hydrogen) which emits positron (antimatter electron) and neutrino (neutral, mass)

Answer 24

Proton-Porton-Chain Reaction