02 - Motions of Planets and Other Celestial Bodies Flashcards
turning of the body on an axis. A day/A spin
Rotation
spinning around an object or star. A year/A orbit
Revolution
Earth-Centred Model. Created to seek accuracy in “perfect” geometry
Geocentric Universe Model
Sun-Centred Model. Sun-centered scientific revolution - adoption of new paradigm (accepted scientific ideas/assumptions)
Heliocentric Universe Model
List the Planets in order from the sun (8)
- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Nepture
Earth’s orbit projected on the celestial sphere. The apparent path of the sun around the sky.
Ecliptic
Plato the philosopher proposed perfect motion (constant speed, perfect circles). Planets (wanders) was a big problem to this theory.
Uniform Circular Motion
planet moves westward for a few months
Retrogade Motion
Sir Isaac Newton’s idea of universal theory of gravitation revealed that objects are actually falling into another, as an apple falls to earth. This explains…
Orbital Motion
Mercury, Venus, Earth (moon), Mars are…
Terrestial/Inner Planets. Which means they are small in diameter, dense, little or no atmosphere.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are…
Jovian/Outer Planets.
Which means they are relatively larger, have no solid surface, “liquid” giants (compressed gas)
Larger in size and cooler than the temperature of the planet. It’s important for retaining gases.
Atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) rich atmosphere traps heat and raises surface temperature
Greenhouse Effect
result of small differences in gravitational force of one massive body on another
Tidal Force
Boundary beyond which water vapour could freeze to form ice grains
Ice line
Tiny, cold, irregular to sphere in shape, growth or captures asteroids that rotate planets (ex. Jupiter has 74 moons)
Satellite System (Moons)
Minimum distance of a planet to a satellite that can hold itself together by gravity without tidal forces overcoming it.
Roche Limit
Stripes that circle the planet parallel to equator (Jupiter)
Belt- darker descending gas lower in atmosphere
Zone- brighter, rising gas cloud high in atmosphere
Belt-Zone Circulation
small bit of matter (dust, sand, pebble, most less than 1 gram) in space
Meteoroid
Meteoroid fall that earth’s atmosphere friction heats the surface to incandescent vapour
Meteor
Large enough that a portion survives fall through atmosphere and strikes the ground.
Meteorite
small rocky world which most orbit the sun between mars and jupiter
Asteroids/Asteroid Belt
Collection of Icy Planetstimals orbiting just beyond Neptune
Kupier Belt
Small icy body that orbits the sun and produces tails of gas and dust when they approach the Sun
Comet
Hypothetical source of distant comets, icy bodies, spherical. It is the edge of the sun’s reach and is one light year big
Oort Cloud
space debris incapable of clearning its orbit, many are not spherical, often not on the eclpitic.
Dwarf Planet