05- spectrograms, acoustics of consonants Flashcards
what kind of source do vowels have
periodic
what is voice onset time
the time from the burst onset to the start of voicing in the following vowel
what is the burst
the acoustic energy created by the release of the stop
what does VOT signal?
the voicing feature of stops
VOT duration of voiced stops
short
VOT duration of voiceless stops
long
vowels before what kind of consonants tend to be longer
voiced
how do your hear the difference between pear and bear
VOT distinguishes them
/p/ long VOT; /b/ short VOT
/p/ + aspiration of the long VOT
how do you hear the difference between ape and abe
the voice bar present during the stop gap
what is the voice bar
the F0 is present but not much else (even when VF are closed)
VOT is an acoustic cue to what?
word-initial stops
stop gaps and voice bard are cues for what?
word-final stops
VOT, stop gaps, and voice bars are acoustic cues important for signaling a stops what?
voicing
what is the clinical implication of understanding acoustics
differentiating phonemes and word pairs
what are formant transitions
changes to the trajectory of a formant caused by the place of articulation of an adjacent consonant
what do formant transitions indicate
place of articulation for initial, medial, and final stops
die vs guy
formant transitions, F2 and F3
they differ by place or articulation but acoustically they are different by formant transitions
fricatives in acoustics
broadband noise resulting from the turbulence from a constriction in the vocal tract
in fricatives, are frequencies amplified or dampened
some are amplified and some are dampened
what does broadband frequencies mean
a lot of frequencies are present
acoustic similarities in F and θ
often leads to speech sound disorders
voiced and voiceless fricatives
both have broadband noise
F0= present; same F0 we saw in the stop gap of the word voiced finals stops
voiced fricatives
vertical striations
energy from voicing present in voiced fricatives
vertical striations are present
voiced fricatives
voice bar is present but less noise from turbulence
voiced fricative
vertical striations: less here
voiceless fricative
greater energy due to more turbulence
voiceless fricative
what are sibilant fricatives
alveolar and palatal place of artic
greater intensity than other fricatives
non-sibilant fricatives
less intensity than others
diffuse noise across a larger number of fricatives
what are affricates
VOT from stops (initial)
Stop gaps (final)
broadband noise from fricatives
nasals acoustics
voiced; identifiable formants
side branch creates antiresonances
antiresonances
lower frequencies
lead to very low formants
glides acoustics
similar to vowels (with formants) but shorter and with less intensity
liquids acoustics
also have a formant structure
shorter and have lower intensity compared to vowels
MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT CONSONANT ACOUSTICS
most prominent feature includes liquid /r/ with the lowered F(3)
what formant is important in /r/
the third
