05- spectrograms, acoustics of consonants

Question 1

what kind of source do vowels have

Answer 1

periodic

Question 2

what is voice onset time

Answer 2

the time from the burst onset to the start of voicing in the following vowel

Question 3

what is the burst

Answer 3

the acoustic energy created by the release of the stop

Question 4

what does VOT signal?

Answer 4

the voicing feature of stops

Question 5

VOT duration of voiced stops

Answer 5

short

Question 6

VOT duration of voiceless stops

Answer 6

long

Question 7

vowels before what kind of consonants tend to be longer

Answer 7

voiced

Question 8

how do your hear the difference between pear and bear

Answer 8

VOT distinguishes them
/p/ long VOT; /b/ short VOT
/p/ + aspiration of the long VOT

Question 9

how do you hear the difference between ape and abe

Answer 9

the voice bar present during the stop gap

Question 10

what is the voice bar

Answer 10

the F0 is present but not much else (even when VF are closed)

Question 11

VOT is an acoustic cue to what?

Answer 11

word-initial stops

Question 12

stop gaps and voice bard are cues for what?

Answer 12

word-final stops

Question 13

VOT, stop gaps, and voice bars are acoustic cues important for signaling a stops what?

Answer 13

voicing

Question 14

what is the clinical implication of understanding acoustics

Answer 14

differentiating phonemes and word pairs

Question 15

what are formant transitions

Answer 15

changes to the trajectory of a formant caused by the place of articulation of an adjacent consonant

Question 16

what do formant transitions indicate

Answer 16

place of articulation for initial, medial, and final stops

Question 17

die vs guy

Answer 17

formant transitions, F2 and F3
they differ by place or articulation but acoustically they are different by formant transitions

Question 18

fricatives in acoustics

Answer 18

broadband noise resulting from the turbulence from a constriction in the vocal tract

Question 19

in fricatives, are frequencies amplified or dampened

Answer 19

some are amplified and some are dampened

Question 20

what does broadband frequencies mean

Answer 20

a lot of frequencies are present

Question 21

acoustic similarities in F and θ

Answer 21

often leads to speech sound disorders

Question 22

voiced and voiceless fricatives

Answer 22

both have broadband noise

Question 23

F0= present; same F0 we saw in the stop gap of the word voiced finals stops

Answer 23

voiced fricatives

Question 24

vertical striations

Answer 24

energy from voicing present in voiced fricatives

Question 25

vertical striations are present

Answer 25

voiced fricatives

Question 26

voice bar is present but less noise from turbulence

Answer 26

voiced fricative

Question 27

vertical striations: less here

Answer 27

voiceless fricative

Question 28

greater energy due to more turbulence

Answer 28

voiceless fricative

Question 29

what are sibilant fricatives

Answer 29

alveolar and palatal place of artic
greater intensity than other fricatives

Question 30

non-sibilant fricatives

Answer 30

less intensity than others
diffuse noise across a larger number of fricatives

Question 31

what are affricates

Answer 31

VOT from stops (initial)
Stop gaps (final)
broadband noise from fricatives

Question 32

nasals acoustics

Answer 32

voiced; identifiable formants
side branch creates antiresonances

Question 33

antiresonances

Answer 33

lower frequencies
lead to very low formants

Question 34

glides acoustics

Answer 34

similar to vowels (with formants) but shorter and with less intensity

Question 35

liquids acoustics

Answer 35

also have a formant structure
shorter and have lower intensity compared to vowels

Question 36

MOST IMPORTANT THING ABOUT CONSONANT ACOUSTICS

Answer 36

most prominent feature includes liquid /r/ with the lowered F(3)

Question 37

what formant is important in /r/

Answer 37

the third