04- waveforms and spectra; acoustics of vowels

Question 1

what property of spoken language makes it possible for us to understand one another on the phone?

Answer 1

acoustics

Question 2

what is acoustics

Answer 2

the study of the physical properties of sounds

Question 3

what kind of properties are sounds

Answer 3

physical

Question 4

place, manner, and voicing are all what kind of properties

Answer 4

articulatory

Question 5

what is time

Answer 5

in acoustics, time refers to the duration of a sound

Question 6

what if frequency

Answer 6

the number of cycles of a wave completed within 1 second

Question 7

what is pitch

Answer 7

our perception of the fundamental frequency of speech

Question 8

what is intensity

Answer 8

the amplitude of a sound

Question 9

what is a waveform

Answer 9

graphical representation of sound in which intensity appears on the y-axis and time on the x-axis

Question 10

what basic property of acoustics cannot be derived from a waveform?

Answer 10

frequency

Question 11

how many frequencies do sine waves have

Answer 11

1

Question 12

what is a spectrum

Answer 12

graphical representation of sound in which intensity appears on the y-axis and frequency is on the x-axis

Question 13

spectrum vs waveform

Answer 13

spectrum: intensity vs frequency
waveform: intensity over time

Question 14

are the frequencies evenly spaced on a spectrum

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

source-filter theory source

Answer 15

larynx

Question 16

what is a harmonic

Answer 16

component frequency of a speech sound

Question 17

what is another name for the first harmonic

Answer 17

fundamental frequency

Question 18

what is a fundamental frequency

Answer 18

base frequency or pitch of a person’s voice
F0= 100 or 200 hz

Question 19

what are formants

Answer 19

peaks in the spectrum where intensity for a particular frequency is greater than for surrounding frequencies

Question 20

what formants are important in vowels

Answer 20

F(1) and F(2) (determine tongue height and tongue advancement)

Question 21

F(1) & tongue height

Answer 21

inverse relationship; the higher the tongue, the lower the formant on the spectrogram

Question 22

F(2) & tongue advancement

Answer 22

direct relationship; the more forward the tongue, the higher the F(2)