05 - orthopedic disorders of the stifle

Question 1

1-3 what three things account for about 95% of stifle disorders in dogs and cats

Answer 1

1. patella luxation
2. cruciate disruptions
3. meniscal problems

Question 2

(patellar luxation)

1. commonly affects what dogs?
2. medial occurs in what?

lateral?

Answer 2

1. miniature breeds
2. miniature

large and giant

Question 3

(patellar luxation)

(grades)

tell me what grades 1-4 mean

Answer 3

1. patella lies in trochlear groove but can be manually subluxated
2. clinical spontenous luxation, patella can be luxated manually but reduces spontaneously or with minimal manipulation
3. patella luxated most of the time but can be reduced manually
4. can’t be reduced manually

Question 4

(patellar luxation)

(sx)

1. trochleoplasty - what is this?
2. chondroplasty - used in what dogs?
3. wedge resection - what is this?

there are a couple of others… but ack

Answer 4

1. deepening of trochlear groove
2. dogs younger than 6 mo
3. remove piece of trochlea

Question 5

(cranial cruciate ligament rupture)

1. acute onset of rear limb lameness
2. firm swelling on medial or lateral aspect with chronic rupture?
3. what sign will be present with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament?

Answer 5

2. medial
3. cranial drawer

(can also use tibial compression (tibia moves cranially) - cranial drawer is better though)

Question 6

(cranial cruciate ligament rupture)

1. can do intracapsular or extracapsular techniques
2. most common extracapsular technique?
3. TPLO becoming more common - what is it?

Answer 6

2. lateral retinacular imbrication technique
3. tibial plateau leveled perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia

Question 7

caudal cruciate ligament rupture is extremely rare

Question 8

(meniscal problems)

1. isolated meniscal tears are rare in dogs - usually occur along with what?
2. tx?

Answer 8

1. partial or complete cranial cruciate tear

(femoral condyles traumatize the caudal horn of the medial meniscus)

2. sx to remove or repair the menisci

Question 9

(collateral ligament disruptions)

1. occur as a result of what?
2. what are the three degress?

Answer 9

1. severe varus or valgus stress of stifle
2. strecthcing

partial tear

complete tear

Question 10

(stifle luxation)

1. severe trauma necessary for stifle luxation to occur - more common in cats
2. place an external fixator