05. Cardiovascular, Lymphatic and Immune system Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Cardi/o
A
Heart
2
Q
What is a root term and combining form for heart
A
Cardi or Coron
Cardio or Corono
3
Q
Coron/o
A
Heart
4
Q
angi/o
A
Vessel
5
Q
What is the root term and combining form for vessel
A
angi
angio
6
Q
aort/o
A
Aorta
7
Q
arteri/o
A
Artery
8
Q
arteriol/o
A
arteriole
9
Q
phleb/o
A
Vein
10
Q
ven/o
A
Vein
11
Q
venul/o
A
Venule
12
Q
-stenosis
A
narrowing
13
Q
-sclerosis
A
hardening
14
Q
Pericardium
A
Outermost layer
15
Q
Myocardium
A
Middle layer
16
Q
Endocardium
A
Innermost layer
17
Q
Septum
A
muscular wall between L and R side
18
Q
Bicuspid valve
A
2 = left side
19
Q
Tricuspid
A
3 = right side
20
Q
Semilunar valves
A
Aortic and pulmonary valves
21
Q
chordae tendinae
A
thing strong fibrous chords connecting leaflets of bicuspid and tricuspid vale to papillary muscle
22
Q
MI
A
myocardial infarction
23
Q
Atherosclerosis
A
hardening of arteries caused by collection of fatty plaque
24
Q
Cardiac output
A
The volume of blood ejected from each VENTRICLE every minute
25
Stroke volume
The volume of blood expelled by EACH contraction of the ventricles
26
Heart rate
Number of times the heart beats per minute
27
Atrial systole
Contraction of the atria
28
Ventricular systole
Contraction of the ventricles
29
Diastole
Relaxation of both atria and ventricles. (Blood flows into the heart)
30
tachycardia
abnormal condition of fast heart rate
31
bradycardia
abnormal condition of slowheart rate
32
hypertension
HTN (high blood pressure)
33
hypotension
low blood pressure
34
arteriosclerosis
hardening of arteries
35
Erythrocytes
Red blood cell
36
aneurysm
an abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery
37
Angina
chest pain caused by a lack of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
38
baroreceptor reflex
helps regulate Bp by vasolidation/vasoconstriction, increasing/decreasing HR and SV
39
Leukocytes
White blood cells
40
Haemolysis
burst of RBC
41
anaemia
A condition of abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood.
42
thrombocytes
Blood clotting cells
43
Haemostasis
prevent/stop bleeding
44
Thrombosis
Condition of blood clots
45
Primary lymphatic tissue
Bone marrow
| thymus
46
Lymph/o
Lymph fluid
47
Lymphaden/o
Lymph node (gland)
48
Lymphangi/o
Lymph vessel
49
Splen/o
spleen
50
Thym/o
Thymus gland
51
Myel/o
Bone marrow
52
Aden/o
Gland
53
Outline the baroreceptor reflex
Stimulus = high blood pressure
↓
Receptor = increased firing of baroreceptors (in the aorta and carotid arteries)
↓
Coordinator = vasomotor and cardioregulatory centre in the brainstem
↓
Effectors = reduce HR/CO and vasodilation of blood vessels
↓
Response = reduce blood pressure
54
General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens
Lymphoctyes
55
Lymphoctyes
General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens
56
T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)
Cytotoxic T cells
57
Cytotoxic T cells
T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)
58
Phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response
Macrophage
59
Macrophage
Phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response
60
Antibodies are produced WITHIN the person
Active immunity
61
Active immunity
Antibodies are produced WITHIN the person
62
Passive immunity
Antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body
63
Antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body
Passive immunity
64
Cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived
B – memory cells
65
B – memory cells
Cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived
66
Describe the first line of defence
non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body
67
non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body
First line of defence
68
Describe the 2nd line of defence
non specific/innate
Inflammation --> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis --> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen
69
non specific/innate
Inflammation --> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis --> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen
2nd line of defence
70
Describe the 3rd line of defence
Adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.
71
Adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.
3rd line of defence
