04 NEOPLASIA Flashcards
6 definitions of Neoplasia
Tumor Purposeless Newgrowth Abnormal Mass Autonomous growth Monoclonal
Means the process of “new growth”
Neoplasia
A new growth is called _______
Neoplasm
Neoplasm is commonly known as?
Tumor
The study of tumors or neoplasms
Oncology
Common term for all malignant tumors
Cancer
The Latin word “cancer” means?
Crab
Abnormal mass of tissue
Neoplasm
Genetic changes allow excessive and unregulated proliferation that becomes _______________
autonomous
Entire population of cells within a tumor arises from a _______ cell that has incurred a genetic change (clonal)
single
Two basic components of tumors
Parenchyma
Stroma/ Non-neoplastic stroma
determines the biologic behavior of the noeplasm
Parenchyma
A basic component made up of connective tissue and blood vessels
Stroma / Non-neoplastic stroma
It is the component from which the tumor derived its name
Parenchyma
a benign tumor arising in fibrous tisssue
fibroma
Benign tumors are designated by attaching the suffix “ _____”
-oma
A benign cartilaginous tumor
Chondroma
Nomenclature of benign __________ tumors is more complex
epithelial
Lab Diagnosis of Cancer
Pap's smear Histologic and Cytologic methods Fine Needle ASpiration BIopsy Frozen SEction Excision and Incision Biopsy Biochemical Assays - tumors markers Immunohistochemistry Flow Cytometry Electron Microscopy Tissue Culture
As a guide for treatment: lower grades are amenable to?
Surgery
AS a guide for treatment: higher grades are amenable to?
Radiation
As a prognostic guide - the (a.lower b.higher) grades have generally a poorer prognosis.
b.higher
True or false. Undifferentiated tumors are less malignant than well-differentiated tumors.
False
(a. Differentiated cells b.Undifferentiated cells) - resembling normal cells
- Differentiated
Undifferentiated cells are (a.younger forms b. normal forms c. older forms)
a. younger forms
Give the stage. More distant lymph node involvement
N3
Give the stage. Distant metastases present
M1
Give the stage. No distant metastases
M0
Give the stage. In situ, non-invasive (confined to epithelium)
Tis
Give the stage. Small, minimally invasive within primary organ site
T1
Give the stage. Larger and/or invasive beyond margins of primary organ site
T3
Give the stage. Very large and/or very invasive, spread to adjacent organs
T4
Give the stage. Regional lymph node involvement
N1
Give the stage. Extensive regional lymph node of involvement
N2
Give the stage. No lymph node involvement
N0
Larger, more invasive within the primary organ site
T2
The most common systems for staging employs the ____ classification
TNM
A “___” score is based upon the size and/or extent of invasion.
T
The “___” score indicates the extent of lymph node involvement.
N
The “___” score indicates whether distant metastases are present.
M
Based on the degree of differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitoses
Grading
Based on the size of the primary lesion, extent of spread to regional lymph nodes, presence or absence of metastases.
Staging
Expansile growth can destroy adjacent structures, endocrine gland neoplasm elaborate hormones
Local and hormonal effects
Progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass accompanied by weakness, anorexia and anemia
Cancer cachexia
Symptom complexes in cancer patients that cannot be readily explained
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Causative agent of squamous papillomas (warts)
Human papilloma virus
Causes gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma
Helicobacter pylori
Carcinogenic agent of hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatitis B virus
Diseases caused by Epstein-Barr virus
Burkitt lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
