03. Prenatal, Infancy and Childhood Development Flashcards
Prenatal stage =
Conception until birth
Infancy stage (ages) =
Birth/0 to 2 years
Childhood stage (ages) =
2 to 10 years
Adolescence stage (ages) =
10 to 20 years
Early Adulthood (ages) =
20 to 40 years
Middle Age Adulthood (ages) =
40 to 65 years
Old Age Adulthood (ages) =
65+ years
What are the three stages of prenatal development, in order?
Germinal, embryonic, foetal
How long is the germinal stage?
Approx. 2 weeks - from point of conception to week 2
How long is the embryonic stage?
Approx. 6 weeks - from week 3 to week 8
How long is the foetal stage?
Approx. 32 weeks - from week 9 to birth (approx. week 40)
What key processes occur during the germinal stage of the lifespan?
Fertilisation and Implantation
What is fertlisation?
When sperm penetrates an ovum and the genetic material fuse to become a single cell called a zygote
What is implantation?
When the cells begin to divide as the fertilised ovum travels through the fallopian tube and implants into the lining of the uterus for nourishment
What is a zygote?
A single cell that forms when the sperm penetrates the ovum and the genetic material fuse.
Examples of development during the embryonic stage
- All organs (not reproductive) and major body structures and systems develop
- Basic features emerge e.g. eyes, nose, mouth, arms, legs.
- By week 8 the heartbeat is detectable
Examples of development during the foetal stage
- Increase in size
- primary sex organs are formed
- organs start to function e.g. digestive system
- bones begin to ossify
- brain develops and can perform basic functions to sustain life e.g. ready to breathe on own once born
Infancy and childhood physical development examples
- Rapid growth in height and weight
- bones ossify and lengthen
- teeth erupt
Cephalocaudal principle of development
top down muslce development - muscles in head and neck develop before feet and legs because the head is very heavy and necessary for survival
Poximodistal principle of development
inside out muscle development - muscles in innermost parts of the body such as the heart and lungs develop before those at extremities
Infancy and Childhood social development examples
Learning how to…
- interact with others appropriately
- use manners
- communicate effectively
- co-operate and use team work
- share
Infancy and childhood emotional development examples
learning to develop more emotions and controlling them
“Gradual changes in our physical social emotional and intellectual states and abilities” defines what term?
Development
Conception until birth - approx 40 weeks - name lifespan stage
Prenatal
Birth/0 years to 2 years - name lifespan stage
Infancy
2 to 10 years - name lifespan stage
Childhood
10 to 20 years - name lifespan stage
Adolescence
20 to 40 years - name lifespan stage
Early Adulthood
40 to 65 years - name lifespan stage
Middle Age Adultdood
65+ years - name lifespan stage
Old Age Adulthood
Germinal, embryonic, foetal - name lifespan stage
Three stages of prenatal development
conception to week 2 - name stage of prenatal deelopment
Germinal stage
week 3 to week 8 - name stage of prenatal development
Embryonic stage
Week 9 to approx week 40 - name stage of prenatal development
Foetal stage
Fertilisation and Implantation occur in what stage of prenatal development?
Germinal stage
What is the process called when a sperm penetrates the ovum and the genetic material fuse to become a single cell called a zygote?
Fertlisation
What is the process called when the cells begin to divide as the ova travels through the fallopian tube and attaches into the lining of the uterus for nourishment?
Implantation
What is the single cell called that forms when when the sperm penetrates the ovum and the genetic material fuse?
Zygote
- Increase in size
- primary sex organs are formed
- organs start to function e.g. digestive system
- bones begin to ossify
- brain develops and can perform basic functions to sustain life e.g. ready to breathe on own once born
are examples of physical development at what stage?
Examples of development during the foetal stage
- Rapid growth in height and weight
- bones ossify and lengthen
- teeth erupt
are examples of what type of development in what stage?
Infancy and childhood physical development
Muscles in head and neck develop before feet and legs because the head is very heavy and necessary for survival - what is this principle of development called?
Cephalocaudal principle of development
Muscles in innermost parts of the body such as the heart and lungs develop before those at extremities - what is this principle of development called?
Poximodistal principle of development
Learning how to…
- interact with others appropriately
- use manners
- communicate effectively
- co-operate and use team work
- share
are types of what development at what lifespan stages?
Infancy and Childhood social development
Learning to develop more emotions and controlling them are examples of what type of development at what stages?
Infancy and childhood emotional development
- Rapid language acquisition e.g. progress from babbling to complete sentences.
- Rapid develop of problem solving skills.
- Beginning to understand cause and effect.
- Beginning to reason and compromise
are examples of what type of development at what stages?
Infancy and childhood intellectual development
Infancy and childhood intellectual development examples
- Rapid language acquisition e.g. progress from babbling to complete sentences.
- Rapid develop of problem solving skills.
- Beginning to understand cause and effect.
- Beginning to reason and compromise
